Romans 1
Παῦλος introduces himself as an apostle called to proclaim the gospel of God concerning his Son, Jesus Christ, greets the saints in Rome, expresses his unashamedness of the gospel as the power of God for salvation revealing his righteousness by faith, and describes God's wrath against humanity's unrighteousness, idolatry, and immorality.[1][3]
Interlinear Text
—
Paul
—
slave
—
of the Anointed One
—
of Iēsous
—
called one
—
a commissioned envoy
—
having been set apart
—
into
—
good news proclamation
—
of a god
Verse 1
Παῦλος
paulos
Paul
N NOM M SG
δοῦλος
doulos
slave
N NOM M SG
Χριστοῦ
christou
of the Anointed One
N GEN M SG
Ἰησοῦ
iesou
of Iēsous
N GEN M SG
κλητὸς
kletos
called one
ADJ.A NOM M SG
ἀπόστολος
apostolos
a commissioned envoy
N NOM M SG
ἀφωρισμένος
aphorismenos
having been set apart
V PRF PASS PTCP NOM M SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
εὐαγγέλιον
euaggelion
good news proclamation
N ACC N SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
—
which
—
he pledged beforehand
—
through
—
the
—
of inspired spokespersons
—
of him
—
in
—
to the sacred writings
—
to consecrated (fem. pl.)
Verse 2
ὃ
o
which
PRO.R ACC N SG
προεπηγγείλατο
proepeggeilato
he pledged beforehand
V AOR MID IND 3P SG
διὰ
dia
through
PREP GEN
τῶν
ton
the
ART GEN M PL
προφητῶν
propheton
of inspired spokespersons
N GEN M PL
αὐτοῦ
autou
of him
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
Γραφαῖς
graphais
to the sacred writings
N DAT F PL
ἁγίαις
agiais
to consecrated (fem. pl.)
ADJ.A DAT F PL
—
concerning
—
of the
—
of a son
—
of him
—
of the
—
of having become
—
out of
—
of seed
—
of David
—
according to
—
flesh
Verse 3
περὶ
peri
concerning
PREP GEN
τοῦ
tou
of the
ART GEN M SG
Υἱοῦ
uiou
of a son
N GEN M SG
αὐτοῦ
autou
of him
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
τοῦ
tou-2
of the
PRO.D GEN M SG
γενομένου
genomenou
of having become
V AOR MID PTCP GEN M SG
ἐκ
ek
out of
PREP GEN
σπέρματος
spermatos
of seed
N GEN N SG
Δαυεὶδ
daueid
of David
N GEN M SG
κατὰ
kata
according to
PREP ACC
σάρκα
sarka
flesh
N ACC F SG
—
of the
—
having been appointed
—
of a son
—
of a god
—
in
—
in power
—
according to
—
breath-spirit
—
of sacredness
—
out of
—
of rising up
—
of the dead
—
of Iēsous
—
of the Anointed One
—
of the
—
of the master
—
of us
Verse 4
τοῦ
tou
of the
PRO.D GEN M SG
ὁρισθέντος
oristhentos
having been appointed
V AOR PASS PTCP GEN M SG
Υἱοῦ
uiou
of a son
N GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
δυνάμει
dunamei
in power
N DAT F SG
κατὰ
kata
according to
PREP ACC
Πνεῦμα
pneuma
breath-spirit
N ACC N SG
ἁγιωσύνης
agiosunes
of sacredness
N GEN F SG
ἐξ
ex
out of
PREP GEN
ἀναστάσεως
anastaseos
of rising up
N GEN F SG
νεκρῶν
nekron
of the dead
ADJ.S GEN M PL
Ἰησοῦ
iesou
of Iēsous
N GEN M SG
Χριστοῦ
christou
of the Anointed One
N GEN M SG
τοῦ
tou-2
of the
ART GEN M SG
Κυρίου
kuriou
of the master
N GEN M SG
ἡμῶν
emon
of us
PRO.P 1P GEN PL
—
through
—
of whom
—
we took
—
gracious favor
—
and
—
authorized commission
—
into
—
attentive obedience
—
of trust
—
in
—
to all
—
to the ones
—
to the nations
—
on behalf of
—
of the
—
of name
—
of him
Verse 5
δι’
di
through
PREP GEN
οὗ
ou
of whom
PRO.R GEN M SG
ἐλάβομεν
elabomen
we took
V AOR ACT IND 1P PL
χάριν
charin
gracious favor
N ACC F SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἀποστολὴν
apostolen
authorized commission
N ACC F SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
ὑπακοὴν
upakoen
attentive obedience
N ACC F SG
πίστεως
pisteos
of trust
N GEN F SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
πᾶσιν
pasin
to all
QUAN DAT N PL
τοῖς
tois
to the ones
ART DAT N PL
ἔθνεσιν
ethnesin
to the nations
N DAT N PL
ὑπὲρ
uper
on behalf of
PREP GEN
τοῦ
tou
of the
ART GEN N SG
ὀνόματος
onomatos
of name
N GEN N SG
αὐτοῦ
autou
of him
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
—
to all
—
to the ones
—
to those being
—
in
—
to Rome
—
to the dearly loved ones
—
of a god
—
to the summoned ones
—
to the consecrated ones
—
gracious favor
—
to you all
—
and
—
harmonious wholeness
—
from
—
of a god
—
of a father
—
of us
—
and
—
of the master
—
of Iēsous
—
of the Anointed One
Verse 7
πᾶσιν
pasin
to all
PRO.I DAT M PL
τοῖς
tois
to the ones
PRO.D DAT M PL
οὖσιν
ousin
to those being
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M PL
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
Ῥώμῃ
rome
to Rome
N DAT F SG
ἀγαπητοῖς
agapetois
to the dearly loved ones
ADJ.S DAT M PL
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
κλητοῖς
kletois
to the summoned ones
ADJ.A DAT M PL
ἁγίοις
agiois
to the consecrated ones
ADJ.S DAT M PL
χάρις
charis
gracious favor
N NOM F SG
ὑμῖν
umin
to you all
PRO.P 2P DAT PL
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
εἰρήνη
eirene
harmonious wholeness
N NOM F SG
ἀπὸ
apo
from
PREP GEN
Θεοῦ
theou-2
of a god
N GEN M SG
Πατρὸς
patros
of a father
N GEN M SG
ἡμῶν
emon
of us
PRO.P 1P GEN PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
Κυρίου
kuriou
of the master
N GEN M SG
Ἰησοῦ
iesou
of Iēsous
N GEN M SG
Χριστοῦ
christou
of the Anointed One
N GEN M SG
—
firstly
—
indeed
—
I give thanks
—
to the
—
to a deity
—
of me
—
through
—
of Iēsous
—
of the Anointed One
—
concerning
—
of all
—
of you (plural)
—
that
—
the
—
trustful confidence
—
of you (plural)
—
is being publicly proclaimed
—
in
—
to the whole
—
to the
—
to the ordered world
Verse 8
πρῶτον
proton
firstly
ADV SUPL
μὲν
men
indeed
ADV
εὐχαριστῶ
eucharisto
I give thanks
V PRS ACT IND 1P SG
τῷ
to
to the
ART DAT M SG
Θεῷ
theo
to a deity
N DAT M SG
μου
mou
of me
PRO.P 1P GEN SG
διὰ
dia
through
PREP GEN
Ἰησοῦ
iesou
of Iēsous
N GEN M SG
Χριστοῦ
christou
of the Anointed One
N GEN M SG
περὶ
peri
concerning
PREP GEN
πάντων
panton
of all
PRO.I GEN M PL
ὑμῶν
umon
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
ὅτι
oti
that
CONJ.S
ἡ
e
the
ART NOM F SG
πίστις
pistis
trustful confidence
N NOM F SG
ὑμῶν
umon-2
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
καταγγέλλεται
kataggelletai
is being publicly proclaimed
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
ὅλῳ
olo
to the whole
QUAN DAT M SG
τῷ
to-2
to the
ART DAT M SG
κόσμῳ
kosmo
to the ordered world
N DAT M SG
—
witness
—
for
—
of me
—
is
—
the
—
Divine Being
—
which
—
I render sacred service
—
in
—
to the
—
to the breath-force
—
of me
—
in
—
to the
—
to the good news proclamation
—
of the
—
of a son
—
of him
—
as
—
without interruption
—
remembrance
—
of you (plural)
—
I am doing for myself
Verse 9
μάρτυς
martus
witness
N NOM M SG
γάρ
gar
for
CONJ
μού
mou
of me
PRO.P 1P GEN SG
ἐστιν
estin
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
ὁ
o
the
ART NOM M SG
Θεός
theos
Divine Being
N NOM M SG
ᾧ
o-2
which
PRO.R DAT M SG
λατρεύω
latreuo
I render sacred service
V PRS ACT IND 1P SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
τῷ
to
to the
ART DAT N SG
πνεύματί
pneumati
to the breath-force
N DAT N SG
μου
mou-2
of me
PRO.P 1P GEN SG
ἐν
en-2
in
PREP DAT
τῷ
to-2
to the
ART DAT N SG
εὐαγγελίῳ
euaggelio
to the good news proclamation
N DAT N SG
τοῦ
tou
of the
ART GEN M SG
Υἱοῦ
uiou
of a son
N GEN M SG
αὐτοῦ
autou
of him
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
ὡς
os
as
ADV
ἀδιαλείπτως
adialeiptos
without interruption
ADV
μνείαν
mneian
remembrance
N ACC F SG
ὑμῶν
umon
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
ποιοῦμαι
poioumai
I am doing for myself
V PRS MID IND 1P SG
—
at all times
—
upon, over
—
the
—
of prayers
—
of me
—
binding himself
—
if
—
how
—
already
—
at some time
—
I will be made to prosper
—
in
—
to the
—
to the will
—
of the
—
of a god
—
to come
—
toward
—
you all
Verse 10
πάντοτε
pantote
at all times
ADV
ἐπὶ
epi
upon, over
PREP GEN
τῶν
ton
the
ART GEN F PL
προσευχῶν
proseuchon
of prayers
N GEN F PL
μου
mou
of me
PRO.P 1P GEN SG
δεόμενος
deomenos
binding himself
V PRS MID PTCP NOM M SG
εἴ
ei
if
CONJ.S
πως
pos
how
ADV
ἤδη
ede
already
ADV
ποτὲ
pote
at some time
ADV
εὐοδωθήσομαι
euodothesomai
I will be made to prosper
V FUT PASS IND 1P SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
τῷ
to
to the
ART DAT N SG
θελήματι
thelemati
to the will
N DAT N SG
τοῦ
tou
of the
ART GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἐλθεῖν
elthein
to come
V AOR ACT INF
πρὸς
pros
toward
PREP ACC
ὑμᾶς
umas
you all
PRO.P 2P ACC PL
—
I am longing for
—
for
—
to see
—
you all
—
in order that
—
something
—
that I may impart
—
gracious gift
—
to you all
—
spirit-related thing
—
into
—
to the
—
to be made firm
—
you all
Verse 11
ἐπιποθῶ
epipotho
I am longing for
V PRS ACT IND 1P SG
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
ἰδεῖν
idein
to see
V AOR ACT INF
ὑμᾶς
umas
you all
PRO.P 2P ACC PL
ἵνα
ina
in order that
CONJ.S
τι
ti
something
QUAN ACC N SG
μεταδῶ
metado
that I may impart
V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P SG
χάρισμα
charisma
gracious gift
N ACC N SG
ὑμῖν
umin
to you all
PRO.P 2P DAT PL
πνευματικὸν
pneumatikon
spirit-related thing
ADJ.S ACC N SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
τὸ
to
to the
PRO.D ACC N SG
στηριχθῆναι
sterichthenai
to be made firm
V AOR PASS INF
ὑμᾶς
umas-2
you all
PRO.P 2P ACC PL
—
this
—
now
—
is
—
to be jointly encouraged
—
in
—
to you all
—
through
—
of the
—
in
—
to one another
—
of trust
—
of you (plural)
—
to the
—
and
—
of me
Verse 12
τοῦτο
touto
this
PRO.D NOM N SG
δέ
de
now
CONJ
ἐστιν
estin
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
συνπαρακληθῆναι
sunparaklethenai
to be jointly encouraged
V AOR PASS INF
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
ὑμῖν
umin
to you all
PRO.P 2P DAT PL
διὰ
dia
through
PREP GEN
τῆς
tes
of the
ART GEN F SG
ἐν
en-2
in
PREP DAT
ἀλλήλοις
allelois
to one another
PRO DAT M PL
πίστεως
pisteos
of trust
N GEN F SG
ὑμῶν
umon
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
τε
te
to the
PART
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ.C
ἐμοῦ
emou
of me
PRO.P 1P GEN SG
—
not
—
I will
—
now
—
you all
—
to be unaware
—
brothers
—
that
—
many times
—
I set before myself
—
to come
—
toward
—
you all
—
and
—
I was hindered
—
up to the limit of
—
of the
—
Come here!
—
in order that
—
someone
—
fruit
—
I may have
—
and
—
in
—
to you all
—
just as
—
and
—
in
—
to the ones
—
to the remaining ones
—
to the nations
Verse 13
οὐ
ou
not
ADV
θέλω
thelo
I will
V PRS ACT IND 1P SG
δὲ
de
now
CONJ
ὑμᾶς
umas
you all
PRO.P 2P ACC PL
ἀγνοεῖν
agnoein
to be unaware
V PRS ACT INF
ἀδελφοί
adelphoi
brothers
N VOC M PL
ὅτι
oti
that
CONJ.S
πολλάκις
pollakis
many times
ADV
προεθέμην
proethemen
I set before myself
V AOR MID IND 1P SG
ἐλθεῖν
elthein
to come
V AOR ACT INF
πρὸς
pros
toward
PREP ACC
ὑμᾶς
umas-2
you all
PRO.P 2P ACC PL
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἐκωλύθην
ekoluthen
I was hindered
V AOR PASS IND 1P SG
ἄχρι
achri
up to the limit of
PREP GEN
τοῦ
tou
of the
PRO.D GEN M SG
δεῦρο
deuro
Come here!
ADV
ἵνα
ina
in order that
CONJ.S
τινὰ
tina
someone
QUAN ACC M SG
καρπὸν
karpon
fruit
N ACC M SG
σχῶ
scho
I may have
V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P SG
καὶ
kai-2
and
ADV
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
ὑμῖν
umin
to you all
PRO.P 2P DAT PL
καθὼς
kathos
just as
ADV
καὶ
kai-3
and
ADV
ἐν
en-2
in
PREP DAT
τοῖς
tois
to the ones
ART DAT N PL
λοιποῖς
loipois
to the remaining ones
QUAN DAT N PL
ἔθνεσιν
ethnesin
to the nations
N DAT N PL
—
to Greek people
—
to the
—
and
—
to the non-Greeks
—
to wise ones
—
to the
—
and
—
to uncomprehending ones
—
obligated one
—
I am
Verse 14
Ἕλλησίν
ellesin
to Greek people
N DAT M PL
τε
te
to the
PART
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ.C
βαρβάροις
barbarois
to the non-Greeks
ADJ.S DAT M PL
σοφοῖς
sophois
to wise ones
ADJ.S DAT M PL
τε
te-2
to the
PART
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ.C
ἀνοήτοις
anoetois
to uncomprehending ones
ADJ.S DAT M PL
ὀφειλέτης
opheiletes
obligated one
N NOM M SG
εἰμί
eimi
I am
V PRS ACT IND 1P SG
—
in this way
—
to the
—
according to
—
me myself
—
the eager readiness
—
and
—
to you all
—
to the ones
—
in
—
to Rome
—
to proclaim good news for oneself
Verse 15
οὕτως
outos
in this way
ADV
τὸ
to
to the
PRO.D NOM N SG
κατ’
kat
according to
PREP ACC
ἐμὲ
eme
me myself
PRO.P 1P ACC SG
πρόθυμον
prothumon
the eager readiness
ADJ.S NOM N SG
καὶ
kai
and
ADV
ὑμῖν
umin
to you all
PRO.P 2P DAT PL
τοῖς
tois
to the ones
PRO.R DAT M PL
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
Ῥώμῃ
rome
to Rome
N DAT F SG
εὐαγγελίσασθαι
euaggelisasthai
to proclaim good news for oneself
V AOR MID INF
—
not
—
for
—
I feel ashamed
—
to the
—
good news proclamation
—
power
—
for
—
of a god
—
is
—
into
—
deliverance
—
to every
—
to the
—
to the one trusting
—
to a Judean man
—
to the
—
firstly
—
and
—
to a Greek
Verse 16
οὐ
ou
not
ADV
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
ἐπαισχύνομαι
epaischunomai
I feel ashamed
V PRS MID IND 1P SG
τὸ
to
to the
ART ACC N SG
εὐαγγέλιον
euaggelion
good news proclamation
N ACC N SG
δύναμις
dunamis
power
N NOM F SG
γὰρ
gar-2
for
CONJ
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἐστιν
estin
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
σωτηρίαν
soterian
deliverance
N ACC F SG
παντὶ
panti
to every
PRO.I DAT M SG
τῷ
to-2
to the
PRO.D DAT M SG
πιστεύοντι
pisteuonti
to the one trusting
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M SG
Ἰουδαίῳ
ioudaio
to a Judean man
ADJ.S DAT M SG
τε
te
to the
PART
πρῶτον
proton
firstly
ADV SUPL
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ.C
Ἕλληνι
elleni
to a Greek
N DAT M SG
—
uprightness
—
for
—
of a god
—
in
—
to him
—
is being uncovered
—
out of
—
of trust
—
into
—
trust
—
just as
—
it has been inscribed
—
the
—
now
—
just (masculine singular)
—
out of
—
of trust
—
he/she/it will live
Verse 17
δικαιοσύνη
dikaiosune
uprightness
N NOM F SG
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
αὐτῷ
auto
to him
PRO.P 3P DAT N SG
ἀποκαλύπτεται
apokaluptetai
is being uncovered
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
ἐκ
ek
out of
PREP GEN
πίστεως
pisteos
of trust
N GEN F SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
πίστιν
pistin
trust
N ACC F SG
καθὼς
kathos
just as
ADV
γέγραπται
gegraptai
it has been inscribed
V PRF PASS IND 3P SG
ὁ
o
the
ART NOM M SG
δὲ
de
now
CONJ
δίκαιος
dikaios
just (masculine singular)
ADJ.S NOM M SG
ἐκ
ek-2
out of
PREP GEN
πίστεως
pisteos-2
of trust
N GEN F SG
ζήσεται
zesetai
he/she/it will live
V FUT MID IND 3P SG
—
is being uncovered
—
for
—
settled wrath
—
of a god
—
from
—
of the celestial expanse
—
upon, over
—
every
—
impiety
—
and
—
injustice
—
of human beings
—
the
—
the (feminine singular)
—
unconcealed truth
—
in
—
injustice
—
of those holding fast
Verse 18
ἀποκαλύπτεται
apokaluptetai
is being uncovered
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
ὀργὴ
orge
settled wrath
N NOM F SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἀπ’
ap
from
PREP GEN
οὐρανοῦ
ouranou
of the celestial expanse
N GEN M SG
ἐπὶ
epi
upon, over
PREP ACC
πᾶσαν
pasan
every
QUAN ACC F SG
ἀσέβειαν
asebeian
impiety
N ACC F SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἀδικίαν
adikian
injustice
N ACC F SG
ἀνθρώπων
anthropon
of human beings
N GEN M PL
τῶν
ton
the
PRO.D GEN M PL
τὴν
ten
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
ἀλήθειαν
aletheian
unconcealed truth
N ACC F SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
ἀδικίᾳ
adikia
injustice
N DAT F SG
κατεχόντων
katechonton
of those holding fast
V PRS ACT PTCP GEN M PL
—
because
—
to the
—
known (neuter singular)
—
of the
—
of a god
—
visible one
—
is
—
in
—
to them
—
the
—
Divine Being
—
for
—
to them
—
he revealed
Verse 19
διότι
dioti
because
CONJ.S
τὸ
to
to the
ART NOM N SG
γνωστὸν
gnoston
known (neuter singular)
ADJ.S NOM N SG
τοῦ
tou
of the
ART GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
φανερόν
phaneron
visible one
ADJ.P NOM N SG
ἐστιν
estin
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
αὐτοῖς
autois
to them
PRO.P 3P DAT M PL
ὁ
o
the
ART NOM M SG
Θεὸς
theos
Divine Being
N NOM M SG
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
αὐτοῖς
autois-2
to them
PRO.P 3P DAT M PL
ἐφανέρωσεν
ephanerosen
he revealed
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
—
the (neuter plural)
—
for
—
unseen things
—
of him
—
from
—
of creation
—
of the ordered world
—
to the ones
—
to the creations
—
the things being understood
—
is clearly perceived
—
the
—
to the
—
perpetual
—
of him
—
power
—
and
—
divinity
—
into
—
to the
—
to be
—
them
—
without defense
Verse 20
τὰ
ta
the (neuter plural)
ART NOM N PL
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
ἀόρατα
aorata
unseen things
ADJ.S NOM N PL
αὐτοῦ
autou
of him
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
ἀπὸ
apo
from
PREP GEN
κτίσεως
ktiseos
of creation
N GEN F SG
κόσμου
kosmou
of the ordered world
N GEN M SG
τοῖς
tois
to the ones
ART DAT N PL
ποιήμασιν
poiemasin
to the creations
N DAT N PL
νοούμενα
nooumena
the things being understood
V PRS PASS PTCP NOM N PL
καθορᾶται
kathoratai
is clearly perceived
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
ἥ
e
the
ART NOM F SG
τε
te
to the
PART
ἀΐδιος
aidios
perpetual
ADJ.A NOM F SG
αὐτοῦ
autou-2
of him
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
δύναμις
dunamis
power
N NOM F SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ.C
θειότης
theiotes
divinity
N NOM F SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
τὸ
to
to the
PRO.D ACC N SG
εἶναι
einai
to be
V PRS ACT INF
αὐτοὺς
autous
them
PRO.P 3P ACC M PL
ἀναπολογήτους
anapologetous
without defense
ADJ.P ACC M PL
—
because
—
having come to know
—
the
—
a deity
—
not
—
as
—
a deity
—
they honored
—
or
—
they gave thanks
—
but rather
—
they were rendered futile
—
in
—
to the ones
—
in reasonings
—
of them
—
and
—
was darkened
—
the
—
undiscerning woman
—
of them
—
to the heart
Verse 21
διότι
dioti
because
CONJ.S
γνόντες
gnontes
having come to know
V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL
τὸν
ton
the
ART ACC M SG
Θεὸν
theon
a deity
N ACC M SG
οὐχ
ouch
not
ADV
ὡς
os
as
CONJ.S
Θεὸν
theon-2
a deity
N ACC M SG
ἐδόξασαν
edoxasan
they honored
V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
ἢ
e
or
CONJ
ηὐχαρίστησαν
eucharistesan
they gave thanks
V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
ἀλλ’
all
but rather
CONJ
ἐματαιώθησαν
emataiothesan
they were rendered futile
V AOR PASS IND 3P PL
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
τοῖς
tois
to the ones
ART DAT M PL
διαλογισμοῖς
dialogismois
in reasonings
N DAT M PL
αὐτῶν
auton
of them
PRO.P 3P GEN M PL
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἐσκοτίσθη
eskotisthe
was darkened
V AOR PASS IND 3P SG
ἡ
e-2
the
ART NOM F SG
ἀσύνετος
asunetos
undiscerning woman
ADJ.S NOM F SG
αὐτῶν
auton-2
of them
PRO.P 3P GEN M PL
καρδία
kardia
to the heart
N NOM F SG
—
and
—
they were changing
—
the (feminine singular)
—
renown
—
of the
—
of the imperishable
—
of a god
—
in
—
in a likeness
—
of a likeness
—
of a perishable one
—
of a human being
—
and
—
of the flying creatures
—
and
—
of four-footed animals
—
and
—
of creeping creatures
Verse 23
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἤλλαξαν
ellaxan
they were changing
V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
τὴν
ten
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
δόξαν
doxan
renown
N ACC F SG
τοῦ
tou
of the
ART GEN M SG
ἀφθάρτου
aphthartou
of the imperishable
ADJ.A GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
ὁμοιώματι
omoiomati
in a likeness
N DAT N SG
εἰκόνος
eikonos
of a likeness
N GEN F SG
φθαρτοῦ
phthartou
of a perishable one
ADJ.A GEN M SG
ἀνθρώπου
anthropou
of a human being
N GEN M SG
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
πετεινῶν
peteinon
of the flying creatures
N GEN N PL
καὶ
kai-3
and
CONJ
τετραπόδων
tetrapodon
of four-footed animals
ADJ.S GEN N PL
καὶ
kai-4
and
CONJ
ἑρπετῶν
erpeton
of creeping creatures
N GEN N PL
—
for this reason
—
he handed over
—
them
—
the
—
Divine Being
—
in
—
to the
—
to strong desires
—
the
—
of hearts
—
of them
—
into
—
impurity
—
of the
—
to be dishonored
—
the (neuter plural)
—
bodies
—
of them
—
in
—
to them
Verse 24
διὸ
dio
for this reason
CONJ
παρέδωκεν
paredoken
he handed over
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
αὐτοὺς
autous
them
PRO.P 3P ACC M PL
ὁ
o
the
ART NOM M SG
Θεὸς
theos
Divine Being
N NOM M SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
ταῖς
tais
to the
ART DAT F PL
ἐπιθυμίαις
epithumiais
to strong desires
N DAT F PL
τῶν
ton
the
ART GEN F PL
καρδιῶν
kardion
of hearts
N GEN F PL
αὐτῶν
auton
of them
PRO.P 3P GEN M PL
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
ἀκαθαρσίαν
akatharsian
impurity
N ACC F SG
τοῦ
tou
of the
PRO.D GEN N SG
ἀτιμάζεσθαι
atimazesthai
to be dishonored
V PRS MID INF
τὰ
ta
the (neuter plural)
ART ACC N PL
σώματα
somata
bodies
N ACC N PL
αὐτῶν
auton-2
of them
PRO.P 3P GEN M PL
ἐν
en-2
in
PREP DAT
αὐτοῖς
autois
to them
PRO.X 3P DAT M PL
—
those who
—
they exchanged
—
the (feminine singular)
—
unconcealed truth
—
of the
—
of a god
—
in
—
to the
—
to falsehood
—
and
—
they venerated
—
and
—
they rendered sacred service
—
to the
—
to the creation
—
from beside
—
the
—
having brought into being
—
as
—
is
—
praiseworthy
—
into
—
the
—
ages
—
truly
Verse 25
οἵτινες
oitines
those who
PRO.R NOM M PL
μετήλλαξαν
metellaxan
they exchanged
V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
τὴν
ten
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
ἀλήθειαν
aletheian
unconcealed truth
N ACC F SG
τοῦ
tou
of the
ART GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
τῷ
to
to the
ART DAT N SG
ψεύδει
pseudei
to falsehood
N DAT N SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἐσεβάσθησαν
esebasthesan
they venerated
V AOR PASS IND 3P PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
ἐλάτρευσαν
elatreusan
they rendered sacred service
V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
τῇ
te
to the
ART DAT F SG
κτίσει
ktisei
to the creation
N DAT F SG
παρὰ
para
from beside
PREP ACC
τὸν
ton
the
PRO.D ACC M SG
κτίσαντα
ktisanta
having brought into being
V AOR ACT PTCP ACC M SG
ὅς
os
as
PRO.R NOM M SG
ἐστιν
estin
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
εὐλογητὸς
eulogetos
praiseworthy
ADJ.P NOM M SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
τοὺς
tous
the
ART ACC M PL
αἰῶνας
aionas
ages
N ACC M PL
ἀμήν
amen
truly
EXCL
—
through
—
this
—
he handed over
—
them
—
the
—
Divine Being
—
into
—
he/she may undergo
—
of dishonor
—
the
—
to the
—
for
—
females
—
of them
—
they exchanged
—
the (feminine singular)
—
natural
—
use
—
into
—
the (feminine singular)
—
from beside
—
inherent nature
Verse 26
διὰ
dia
through
PREP ACC
τοῦτο
touto
this
PRO.D ACC N SG
παρέδωκεν
paredoken
he handed over
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
αὐτοὺς
autous
them
PRO.P 3P ACC M PL
ὁ
o
the
ART NOM M SG
Θεὸς
theos
Divine Being
N NOM M SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
πάθη
pathe
he/she may undergo
N ACC N PL
ἀτιμίας
atimias
of dishonor
N GEN F SG
αἵ
ai
the
PRO.D NOM F PL
τε
te
to the
PART
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
θήλειαι
theleiai
females
ADJ.S NOM F PL
αὐτῶν
auton
of them
PRO.P 3P GEN M PL
μετήλλαξαν
metellaxan
they exchanged
V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
τὴν
ten
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
φυσικὴν
phusiken
natural
ADJ.A ACC F SG
χρῆσιν
chresin
use
N ACC F SG
εἰς
eis-2
into
PREP ACC
τὴν
ten-2
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
παρὰ
para
from beside
PREP ACC
φύσιν
phusin
inherent nature
N ACC F SG
—
in like manner
—
to the
—
and
—
the ones
—
males
—
having released
—
the (feminine singular)
—
natural
—
use
—
of the
—
of a female
—
they were set ablaze
—
in
—
to the
—
to longing
—
of them
—
into
—
one another
—
males
—
in
—
to males
—
the (feminine singular)
—
indecency
—
accomplishing for themselves
—
and
—
the (feminine singular)
—
reciprocal recompense
—
in
—
it was necessary
—
of the
—
of wandering
—
of them
—
in
—
to yourselves
—
fully receiving
Verse 27
ὁμοίως
omoios
in like manner
ADV
τε
te
to the
CONJ.C
καὶ
kai
and
ADV
οἱ
oi
the ones
ART NOM M PL
ἄρσενες
arsenes
males
ADJ.S NOM M PL
ἀφέντες
aphentes
having released
V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL
τὴν
ten
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
φυσικὴν
phusiken
natural
ADJ.A ACC F SG
χρῆσιν
chresin
use
N ACC F SG
τῆς
tes
of the
ART GEN F SG
θηλείας
theleias
of a female
ADJ.S GEN F SG
ἐξεκαύθησαν
exekauthesan
they were set ablaze
V AOR PASS IND 3P PL
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
τῇ
te-2
to the
ART DAT F SG
ὀρέξει
orexei
to longing
N DAT F SG
αὐτῶν
auton
of them
PRO.P 3P GEN M PL
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
ἀλλήλους
allelous
one another
PRO ACC M PL
ἄρσενες
arsenes-2
males
ADJ.S NOM M PL
ἐν
en-2
in
PREP DAT
ἄρσεσιν
arsesin
to males
ADJ.S DAT M PL
τὴν
ten-2
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
ἀσχημοσύνην
aschemosunen
indecency
N ACC F SG
κατεργαζόμενοι
katergazomenoi
accomplishing for themselves
V PRS MID PTCP NOM M PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
τὴν
ten-3
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
ἀντιμισθίαν
antimisthian
reciprocal recompense
N ACC F SG
ἣν
en-3
in
PRO.R ACC F SG
ἔδει
edei
it was necessary
V IMPF ACT IND 3P SG
τῆς
tes-2
of the
ART GEN F SG
πλάνης
planes
of wandering
N GEN F SG
αὐτῶν
auton-2
of them
PRO.P 3P GEN M PL
ἐν
en-4
in
PREP DAT
ἑαυτοῖς
eautois
to yourselves
PRO.X 3P DAT M PL
ἀπολαμβάνοντες
apolambanontes
fully receiving
V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M PL
—
and
—
just as
—
not
—
they tested for approval
—
the
—
a deity
—
to have
—
in
—
to thorough knowledge
—
he handed over
—
them
—
the
—
Divine Being
—
into
—
unapproved one
—
mind
—
to make or do
—
the (neuter plural)
—
not (contingently)
—
the fitting things
Verse 28
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
καθὼς
kathos
just as
ADV
οὐκ
ouk
not
ADV
ἐδοκίμασαν
edokimasan
they tested for approval
V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
τὸν
ton
the
ART ACC M SG
Θεὸν
theon
a deity
N ACC M SG
ἔχειν
echein
to have
V PRS ACT INF
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
ἐπιγνώσει
epignosei
to thorough knowledge
N DAT F SG
παρέδωκεν
paredoken
he handed over
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
αὐτοὺς
autous
them
PRO.P 3P ACC M PL
ὁ
o
the
ART NOM M SG
Θεὸς
theos
Divine Being
N NOM M SG
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
ἀδόκιμον
adokimon
unapproved one
ADJ.A ACC M SG
νοῦν
noun
mind
N ACC M SG
ποιεῖν
poiein
to make or do
V PRS ACT INF
τὰ
ta
the (neuter plural)
PRO.D ACC N PL
μὴ
me
not (contingently)
ADV
καθήκοντα
kathekonta
the fitting things
V PRS ACT PTCP ACC N PL
—
having been made full
—
to/for every
—
injustice
—
in wickedness
—
to greed
—
wickedness
—
fully filled (masculine accusative plural)
—
of resentful envy
—
of murder
—
of discord
—
of deceit
—
of malicious disposition
—
secret whispering slanderers
Verse 29
πεπληρωμένους
pepleromenous
having been made full
V PRF PASS PTCP ACC M PL
πάσῃ
pase
to/for every
QUAN DAT F SG
ἀδικίᾳ
adikia
injustice
N DAT F SG
πονηρίᾳ
poneria
in wickedness
N DAT F SG
πλεονεξίᾳ
pleonexia
to greed
N DAT F SG
κακίᾳ
kakia
wickedness
N DAT F SG
μεστοὺς
mestous
fully filled (masculine accusative plural)
ADJ.P ACC M PL
φθόνου
phthonou
of resentful envy
N GEN M SG
φόνου
phonou
of murder
N GEN M SG
ἔριδος
eridos
of discord
N GEN F SG
δόλου
dolou
of deceit
N GEN M SG
κακοηθείας
kakoetheias
of malicious disposition
N GEN F SG
ψιθυριστάς
psithuristas
secret whispering slanderers
N ACC M PL
—
slanderers
—
god-abhorred ones
—
insolent abusers
—
self-exalting ones
—
boastful pretenders
—
inventors
—
bad thing
—
to parents
—
unpersuadable ones
Verse 30
καταλάλους
katalalous
slanderers
ADJ.S ACC M PL
θεοστυγεῖς
theostugeis
god-abhorred ones
ADJ.S ACC M PL
ὑβριστάς
ubristas
insolent abusers
N ACC M PL
ὑπερηφάνους
uperephanous
self-exalting ones
ADJ.S ACC M PL
ἀλαζόνας
alazonas
boastful pretenders
N ACC M PL
ἐφευρετὰς
epheuretas
inventors
N ACC M PL
κακῶν
kakon
bad thing
ADJ.S GEN N PL
γονεῦσιν
goneusin
to parents
N DAT M PL
ἀπειθεῖς
apeitheis
unpersuadable ones
ADJ.S ACC M PL
—
those who
—
to the
—
righteous decree
—
of the
—
of a god
—
having fully recognized
—
that
—
the ones
—
the (neuter plural)
—
such things
—
those practicing
—
worthy ones
—
of death
—
they are
—
not
—
only
—
them
—
they are doing
—
but rather
—
and
—
they jointly approve
—
to the ones
—
to those practicing
Verse 32
οἵτινες
oitines
those who
PRO.R NOM M PL
τὸ
to
to the
ART ACC N SG
δικαίωμα
dikaioma
righteous decree
N ACC N SG
τοῦ
tou
of the
ART GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἐπιγνόντες
epignontes
having fully recognized
V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL
ὅτι
oti
that
CONJ.S
οἱ
oi
the ones
PRO.D NOM M PL
τὰ
ta
the (neuter plural)
ART ACC N PL
τοιαῦτα
toiauta
such things
PRO.D ACC N PL
πράσσοντες
prassontes
those practicing
V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M PL
ἄξιοι
axioi
worthy ones
ADJ.P NOM M PL
θανάτου
thanatou
of death
N GEN M SG
εἰσίν
eisin
they are
V PRS ACT IND 3P PL
οὐ
ou
not
PART
μόνον
monon
only
ADV
αὐτὰ
auta
them
PRO.P 3P ACC N PL
ποιοῦσιν
poiousin
they are doing
V PRS ACT IND 3P PL
ἀλλὰ
alla
but rather
CONJ.C
καὶ
kai
and
ADV
συνευδοκοῦσιν
suneudokousin
they jointly approve
V PRS ACT IND 3P PL
τοῖς
tois
to the ones
PRO.D DAT M PL
πράσσουσιν
prassousin
to those practicing
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M PL