Isaiah 18
Isaiah pronounces woe on the land of whirring wings beyond the rivers of Cush, which sends swift messengers in papyrus boats to a tall, smooth-skinned, feared nation whose land is divided by rivers.[1][5] YHWH declares He will quietly observe from His dwelling like heat in sunshine or dew in harvest, then prune the ripening Assyrian plans like vines, leaving their army as carrion for birds and beasts, after which Cush will bring gifts to Mount Zion.[1][2][4]
Word-by-Word
Translation column shows two renderings:
- SIBI-P1 (root-faithful)
- SIBI-P2 (context-aware)
| # | Hebrew | Translation | Morphology | Strong's |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ה֥וֹי 𐤄𐤅𐤉 hoy |
Woe!
Woe
|
HTj | H1945 |
| 2 | אֶ֖רֶץ 𐤀𐤓𐤑 erets Ayé (Yoruba) |
land
land
|
HNcbsc | H776 |
| 3 | צִלְצַ֣ל 𐤑𐤋𐤑𐤋 tsiletsal |
clanging of
clanging of
|
HNcmsc | H6767 |
| 4 | כְּנָפָ֑יִם 𐤊𐤍𐤐𐤉𐤌 kenafayim |
two wings
wings
|
HNcfda | H3671 |
| 5 | אֲשֶׁ֥ר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher |
that-which
which
|
HTr | H834 |
| 6 | מֵ/עֵ֖בֶר 𐤌/𐤏𐤁𐤓 meever |
from the far side of
from beyond
|
HR/Ncmsa | H5676 |
| 7 | לְ/נַֽהֲרֵי 𐤋/𐤍𐤄𐤓𐤉 lenaharey |
to rivers of
to the rivers of
|
HR/Ncmpc | H5104 |
| 8 | כֽוּשׁ 𐤊𐤅𐤔 khush |
Kush
Kush
|
HNp | H3568 |
| # | Hebrew | Translation | Morphology | Strong's |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הַ/שֹּׁלֵ֨חַ 𐤄/𐤔𐤋𐤇 hasholecha |
the one who sends
the one who sends
|
HTd/Vqrmsa | H7971 |
| 2 | בַּ/יָּ֜ם 𐤁/𐤉𐤌 bayam |
in the sea
in the sea
|
HRd/Ncmsa | H3220 |
| 3 | צִירִ֗ים 𐤑𐤉𐤓𐤉𐤌 tsirim |
pressure-throes
envoys
|
HNcmpa | H6735 |
| 4 | וּ/בִ/כְלֵי 𐤅/𐤁/𐤊𐤋𐤉 uvikheley |
and in implements of
and in vessels of
|
HC/R/Ncmpc | H3627 |
| 5 | גֹמֶא֮ 𐤂𐤌𐤀 gome ngoma (Kikongo) |
water-absorbing marsh-reed
papyrus
|
HNcmsa | H1573 |
| 6 | עַל 𐤏𐤋 al |
upon
upon
|
HR | H5921 |
| 7 | פְּנֵי 𐤐𐤍𐤉 peney |
face of
before the face of
|
HNcbpc | H6440 |
| 8 | מַיִם֒ 𐤌𐤉𐤌 mayim Amanzi (Zulu) |
waters
waters
|
HNcmpa | H4325 |
| 9 | לְכ֣וּ 𐤋𐤊𐤅 lekhu |
Go
Go
|
HVqv2mp | H3212 |
| 10 | מַלְאָכִ֣ים 𐤌𐤋𐤀𐤊𐤉𐤌 maleakhim Malaika (Bemba) |
messengers
messengers
|
HNcmpa | H4397 |
| 11 | קַלִּ֗ים 𐤒𐤋𐤉𐤌 qalim |
light ones
swift ones
|
HAampa | H7031 |
| 12 | אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el |
toward
toward
|
HR | H413 |
| 13 | גּוֹי֙ 𐤂𐤅𐤉 goy |
people-group
people-group
|
HNcmsa | H1471 |
| 14 | מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ 𐤌𐤌𐤔𐤊 memushakhe |
thoroughly drawn out
thoroughly drawn out
|
HVPsmsa | H4900 |
| 15 | וּ/מוֹרָ֔ט 𐤅/𐤌𐤅𐤓𐤈 umorat |
peeled
peeled
|
HC/VPsmsa | H4178 |
| 16 | אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el-2 |
toward
toward
|
HR | H413 |
| 17 | עַ֥ם 𐤏𐤌 am |
gathered people
gathered people
|
HNcmsa | H5971 |
| 18 | נוֹרָ֖א 𐤍𐤅𐤓𐤀 nora |
one to be feared
one to be feared
|
HVNrmsa | H3372 |
| 19 | מִן 𐤌𐤍 min |
from
from
|
HR | H4480 |
| 20 | ה֣וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu |
he
he
|
HPp3ms | H1931 |
| 21 | וָ/הָ֑לְאָה 𐤅/𐤄𐤋𐤀𐤄 vahaleah |
and onward
and onward
|
HC/D | H1973 |
| 22 | גּ֚וֹי 𐤂𐤅𐤉 goy-2 |
people-group
people-group
|
HNcmsa | H1471 |
| 23 | קַו 𐤒𐤅 qav |
babble-line of
babble-line of
|
HNcmsa | H6978 |
| 24 | קָ֣ו 𐤒𐤅 qav-2 |
babble-line of
babble-line of
|
HNcmsa | H6978 |
| 25 | וּ/מְבוּסָ֔ה 𐤅/𐤌𐤁𐤅𐤎𐤄 umevusah |
and trampling-down
and trampling-down
|
HC/Ncfsa | H4001 |
| 26 | אֲשֶׁר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher |
that-which
that which
|
HTr | H834 |
| 27 | בָּזְא֥וּ 𐤁𐤆𐤀𐤅 bazeu |
they plundered
they plundered
|
HVqp3cp | H958 |
| 28 | נְהָרִ֖ים 𐤍𐤄𐤓𐤉𐤌 neharim |
flowing rivers
flowing rivers
|
HNcmpa | H5104 |
| 29 | אַרְצֽ/וֹ 𐤀𐤓𐤑/𐤅 aretso Ayé (Yoruba) |
his land
his land
|
HNcbsc/Sp3ms | H776 |
| # | Hebrew | Translation | Morphology | Strong's |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כָּל 𐤊𐤋 kal kila (Swahili) |
entirety of
all of
|
HNcmsc | H3605 |
| 2 | יֹשְׁבֵ֥י 𐤉𐤔𐤁𐤉 yoshevey |
dwellers of
dwellers of
|
HVqrmpc | H3427 |
| 3 | תֵבֵ֖ל 𐤕𐤁𐤋 tevel |
inhabited world
inhabited world
|
HNcfsa | H8398 |
| 4 | וְ/שֹׁ֣כְנֵי 𐤅/𐤔𐤊𐤍𐤉 veshokheney |
and dwellers of
and those who dwell in
|
HC/Vqrmpc | H7931 |
| 5 | אָ֑רֶץ 𐤀𐤓𐤑 arets Ayé (Yoruba) |
land
land
|
HNcbsa | H776 |
| 6 | כִּ/נְשֹׂא 𐤊/𐤍𐤔𐤀 kineso |
to lift up
when a signal is raised
|
HR/Vqc | H5375 |
| 7 | נֵ֤ס 𐤍𐤎 nes |
raised standard
a standard
|
HNcmsa | H5251 |
| 8 | הָרִים֙ 𐤄𐤓𐤉𐤌 harim |
mountains
on the mountains
|
HNcmpa | H2022 |
| 9 | תִּרְא֔וּ 𐤕𐤓𐤀𐤅 tireu |
you will see
you will see
|
HVqi2mp | H7200 |
| 10 | וְ/כִ/תְקֹ֥עַ 𐤅/𐤊/𐤕𐤒𐤏 vekhiteqoa |
and when striking
and when a shofar is sounded
|
HC/R/Vqc | H8628 |
| 11 | שׁוֹפָ֖ר 𐤔𐤅𐤐𐤓 shofar |
ram’s horn trumpet
shofar
|
HNcmsa | H7782 |
| 12 | תִּשְׁמָֽעוּ 𐤕𐤔𐤌𐤏𐤅 tishemau |
you (masculine plural) will listen
you (masculine plural) will hear
|
HVqi2mp | H8085 |
| # | Hebrew | Translation | Morphology | Strong's |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּי֩ 𐤊𐤉 ki |
for/because
for
|
HC | H3588 |
| 2 | כֹ֨ה 𐤊𐤄 khoh |
thus
thus
|
HD | H3541 |
| 3 | אָמַ֤ר 𐤀𐤌𐤓 amar |
he said
he said
|
HVqp3ms | H559 |
| 4 | יְהוָה֙ 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 yehvah Nyambe (Lozi) |
Yahweh
Yahweh
|
HNp | H3068 |
| 5 | אֵלַ֔/י 𐤀𐤋/𐤉 elay |
toward me
to me
|
HR/Sp1cs | H413 |
| 6 | אשקוטה 𐤀𐤔𐤒𐤅𐤈𐤄 shqvth |
let me be still
let me be quiet
|
HVqh1cs | H8252 |
| 7 | אֶשְׁקֳטָ֖ה 𐤀𐤔𐤒𐤈𐤄 esheqotah |
let me be at rest
let me be at rest
|
HVqh1cs | H8252 |
| 8 | וְ/אַבִּ֣יטָה 𐤅/𐤀𐤁𐤉𐤈𐤄 veabitah |
and let me gaze intently
and let me look intently
|
HC/Vhh1cs | H5027 |
| 9 | בִ/מְכוֹנִ֑/י 𐤁/𐤌𐤊𐤅𐤍/𐤉 vimekhoni |
in my established dwelling
in my established dwelling
|
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs | H4349 |
| 10 | כְּ/חֹ֥ם 𐤊/𐤇𐤌 kechom |
like heat of
like heat of
|
HR/Ncmsc | H2527 |
| 11 | צַח֙ 𐤑𐤇 tsach |
radiant
radiant
|
HAamsa | H6703 |
| 12 | עֲלֵי 𐤏𐤋𐤉 aley |
upon
upon
|
HR | H5921 |
| 13 | א֔וֹר 𐤀𐤅𐤓 or |
light
light
|
HNcbsa | H216 |
| 14 | כְּ/עָ֥ב 𐤊/𐤏𐤁 keav |
like a dense cloud
like a dense cloud
|
HR/Ncbsc | H5645 |
| 15 | טַ֖ל 𐤈𐤋 tal |
dew covering
dew covering
|
HNcmsa | H2919 |
| 16 | בְּ/חֹ֥ם 𐤁/𐤇𐤌 bechom |
in heat
in heat
|
HR/Ncmsc | H2527 |
| 17 | קָצִֽיר 𐤒𐤑𐤉𐤓 qatsir |
harvest
harvest
|
HNcmsa | H7105 |
| # | Hebrew | Translation | Morphology | Strong's |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki |
for/because
for
|
HC | H3588 |
| 2 | לִ/פְנֵ֤י 𐤋/𐤐𐤍𐤉 lifeney |
to the face of
to before the face of
|
HR/Ncbpc | H6440 |
| 3 | קָצִיר֙ 𐤒𐤑𐤉𐤓 qatsir |
harvest
harvest
|
HNcmsa | H7105 |
| 4 | כְּ/תָם 𐤊/𐤕𐤌 ketam |
as being complete
as being complete
|
HR/Vqc | H8552 |
| 5 | פֶּ֔רַח 𐤐𐤓𐤇 perach |
blossom-of
blossom-of
|
HNcmsa | H6525 |
| 6 | וּ/בֹ֥סֶר 𐤅/𐤁𐤎𐤓 uvoser bichi (Swahili) |
and unripe grape
and unripe grape
|
HC/Ncmsa | H1155 |
| 7 | גֹּמֵ֖ל 𐤂𐤌𐤋 gomel |
the one who repays
ripening
|
HVqrmsa | H1580 |
| 8 | יִֽהְיֶ֣ה 𐤉𐤄𐤉𐤄 yiheyeh |
he will come to be
it will be
|
HVqi3ms | H1961 |
| 9 | נִצָּ֑ה 𐤍𐤑𐤄 nitsah |
her blossom
its blossom
|
HNcfsa | H5328 |
| 10 | וְ/כָרַ֤ת 𐤅/𐤊𐤓𐤕 vekharat kata (Swahili) |
and he cut off
and he will cut off
|
HC/Vqp3ms | H3772 |
| 11 | הַ/זַּלְזַלִּים֙ 𐤄/𐤆𐤋𐤆𐤋𐤉𐤌 hazalezalim |
the trembling twigs
the shoots
|
HTd/Ncmpa | H2150 |
| 12 | בַּ/מַּזְמֵר֔וֹת 𐤁/𐤌𐤆𐤌𐤓𐤅𐤕 bamazemerot |
with the pruning-knives
with pruning hooks
|
HRd/Ncfpa | H4211 |
| 13 | וְ/אֶת 𐤅/𐤀𐤕 veet |
and object-marker
[·]
|
HC/To | H853 |
| 14 | הַ/נְּטִישׁ֖וֹת 𐤄/𐤍𐤈𐤉𐤔𐤅𐤕 hanetishot |
the tendrils
the tendrils
|
HTd/Ncfpa | H5189 |
| 15 | הֵסִ֥יר 𐤄𐤎𐤉𐤓 hesir |
he caused to turn aside
he will remove
|
HVhp3ms | H5493 |
| 16 | הֵתַֽז 𐤄𐤕𐤆 hetaz |
he caused to be cut off
he will cut off
|
HVhp3ms | H8456 |
| # | Hebrew | Translation | Morphology | Strong's |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יֵעָזְב֤וּ 𐤉𐤏𐤆𐤁𐤅 yeazevu |
they will be abandoned
they will be abandoned
|
HVNi3mp | H5800 |
| 2 | יַחְדָּו֙ 𐤉𐤇𐤃𐤅 yachedav |
as one together
together
|
HD | H3162 |
| 3 | לְ/עֵ֣יט 𐤋/𐤏𐤉𐤈 leeyt |
to a swooping raptor
to a bird of prey
|
HR/Ncmsc | H5861 |
| 4 | הָרִ֔ים 𐤄𐤓𐤉𐤌 harim |
mountains
mountains
|
HNcmpa | H2022 |
| 5 | וּֽ/לְ/בֶהֱמַ֖ת 𐤅/𐤋/𐤁𐤄𐤌𐤕 ulevehemat |
and for beast-of
and for animal-of
|
HC/R/Ncfsc | H929 |
| 6 | הָ/אָ֑רֶץ 𐤄/𐤀𐤓𐤑 haarets Ayé (Yoruba) |
the earth
the earth
|
HTd/Ncbsa | H776 |
| 7 | וְ/קָ֤ץ 𐤅/𐤒𐤑 veqats |
and he spent the summer
and it will summer
|
HC/Vqq3ms | H6972 |
| 8 | עָלָי/ו֙ 𐤏𐤋𐤉/𐤅 alayv |
upon him
upon it
|
HR/Sp3ms | H5921 |
| 9 | הָ/עַ֔יִט 𐤄/𐤏𐤉𐤈 haayit |
the swooping raptor
the hawk
|
HTd/Ncmsa | H5861 |
| 10 | וְ/כָל 𐤅/𐤊𐤋 vekhal kila (Swahili) |
and whole of
and all of
|
HC/Ncmsc | H3605 |
| 11 | בֶּהֱמַ֥ת 𐤁𐤄𐤌𐤕 behemat |
beast of
animal of
|
HNcfsc | H929 |
| 12 | הָ/אָ֖רֶץ 𐤄/𐤀𐤓𐤑 haarets-2 Ayé (Yoruba) |
the earth
the earth
|
HTd/Ncbsa | H776 |
| 13 | עָלָ֥י/ו 𐤏𐤋𐤉/𐤅 alayv-2 |
upon him
upon it
|
HR/Sp3ms | H5921 |
| 14 | תֶּחֱרָֽף 𐤕𐤇𐤓𐤐 techeraf karipia (Swahili) |
she will reproach
she will winter
|
HVqi3fs | H2778 |
| # | Hebrew | Translation | Morphology | Strong's |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | בָּ/עֵת֩ 𐤁/𐤏𐤕 baet |
at the appointed time
at the appointed time
|
HRd/Ncbsa | H6256 |
| 2 | הַ/הִ֨יא 𐤄/𐤄𐤉𐤀 hahi |
she
she
|
HTd/Pp3fs | H1931 |
| 3 | יֽוּבַל 𐤉𐤅𐤁𐤋 yuval kubela (Kimbundu (Angola)) |
Brought-Forth-One
will be brought
|
HVHi3ms | H2986 |
| 4 | שַׁ֜י 𐤔𐤉 shay |
tribute-gift
tribute-gift
|
HNcmsa | H7862 |
| 5 | לַ/יהוָ֣ה 𐤋/𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 layhvah Nyambe (Lozi) |
to Yahweh
to Yahweh
|
HR/Np | H3068 |
| 6 | צְבָא֗וֹת 𐤑𐤁𐤀𐤅𐤕 tsevaot |
organized hosts
organized hosts
|
HNcbpa | H6635 |
| 7 | עַ֚ם 𐤏𐤌 am |
gathered people
gathered people
|
HNcmsa | H5971 |
| 8 | מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ 𐤌𐤌𐤔𐤊 memushakhe |
thoroughly drawn out
thoroughly drawn out
|
HVPsmsa | H4900 |
| 9 | וּ/מוֹרָ֔ט 𐤅/𐤌𐤅𐤓𐤈 umorat |
peeled
and peeled
|
HC/VPsmsa | H4178 |
| 10 | וּ/מֵ/עַ֥ם 𐤅/𐤌/𐤏𐤌 umeam |
and from a people
and from a people
|
HC/R/Ncmsa | H5971 |
| 11 | נוֹרָ֖א 𐤍𐤅𐤓𐤀 nora |
one to be feared
one to be feared
|
HVNrmsa | H3372 |
| 12 | מִן 𐤌𐤍 min |
from
from
|
HR | H4480 |
| 13 | ה֣וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu |
he
he
|
HPp3ms | H1931 |
| 14 | וָ/הָ֑לְאָה 𐤅/𐤄𐤋𐤀𐤄 vahaleah |
and onward
and onward
|
HC/D | H1973 |
| 15 | גּ֣וֹי 𐤂𐤅𐤉 goy |
people-group
people-group
|
HNcmsc | H1471 |
| 16 | קַו 𐤒𐤅 qav |
babble-line of
babble-line of
|
HNcmsa | H6978 |
| 17 | קָ֣ו 𐤒𐤅 qav-2 |
babble-line of
babble-line of
|
HNcmsa | H6978 |
| 18 | וּ/מְבוּסָ֗ה 𐤅/𐤌𐤁𐤅𐤎𐤄 umevusah |
and trampling-down
and trampling-down
|
HC/Ncfsa | H4001 |
| 19 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher |
that-which
that which
|
HTr | H834 |
| 20 | בָּזְא֤וּ 𐤁𐤆𐤀𐤅 bazeu |
they plundered
they plundered
|
HVqp3cp | H958 |
| 21 | נְהָרִים֙ 𐤍𐤄𐤓𐤉𐤌 neharim |
flowing rivers
flowing rivers
|
HNcmpa | H5104 |
| 22 | אַרְצ֔/וֹ 𐤀𐤓𐤑/𐤅 aretso Ayé (Yoruba) |
his land
his land
|
HNcbsc/Sp3ms | H776 |
| 23 | אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el |
toward
toward
|
HR | H413 |
| 24 | מְק֛וֹם 𐤌𐤒𐤅𐤌 meqom |
standing-place of
place of
|
HNcmsc | H4725 |
| 25 | שֵׁם 𐤔𐤌 shem |
name-of
name of
|
HNcmsc | H8034 |
| 26 | יְהוָ֥ה 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 yehvah Nyambe (Lozi) |
Yahweh
Yahweh
|
HNp | H3068 |
| 27 | צְבָא֖וֹת 𐤑𐤁𐤀𐤅𐤕 tsevaot-2 |
organized hosts
organized hosts
|
HNcbpa | H6635 |
| 28 | הַר 𐤄𐤓 har |
mountain of
mountain of
|
HNcmsc | H2022 |
| 29 | צִיּֽוֹן 𐤑𐤉𐤅𐤍 tsion |
Tsiyon
Tsion
|
HNp | H6726 |