Hosea 13

YHWH condemns Ephraim (Israel) for idolatry and Baal worship, declaring they will vanish like morning dew or chaff due to covenant unfaithfulness, and He will attack them like a lion, leopard, or bereaved bear.[1][2][3] Israel is depicted as a foolish son refusing birth amid judgment pangs, facing destruction by Assyria's east wind, with Samaria's guilt leading to sword falls, dashed infants, and ripped pregnant women; YHWH withholds redemption from Sheol.[1][2][3][4]

Word-by-Word

Translation column shows two renderings:
  • SIBI-P1 (root-faithful)
  • SIBI-P2 (context-aware)
Verse 1
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 כְּ/דַבֵּ֤ר 𐤊/𐤃𐤁𐤓 kedaber
as speaking
as speaking
HR/Vpc H1696
2 אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ 𐤀𐤐𐤓𐤉𐤌 eferayim
Double Fruitfulness
Eferayim
HNp H669
3 רְתֵ֔ת 𐤓𐤕𐤕 retet
trembling
trembling
HNcfsa H7578
4 נָשָׂ֥א 𐤍𐤔𐤀 nasa
he lifted
he lifted himself
HVqp3ms H5375
5 ה֖וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu
he
he
HPp3ms H1931
6 בְּ/יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 𐤁/𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 beyiserael
in Yisraʾel
in Yiserael
HR/Np H3478
7 וַ/יֶּאְשַׁ֥ם 𐤅/𐤉𐤀𐤔𐤌 vayeesham
and he incurred guilt
and he incurred guilt
HC/Vqw3ms H816
8 בַּ/בַּ֖עַל 𐤁/𐤁𐤏𐤋 babaal
Baʿal
in Baal
HRd/Np H1168
9 וַ/יָּמֹֽת 𐤅/𐤉𐤌𐤕 vayamot
and he died
and it died
HC/Vqw3ms H4191
Verse 2
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 וְ/עַתָּ֣ה 𐤅/𐤏𐤕𐤄 veatah
and now
and now
HC/D H6258
2 יוֹסִ֣פוּ 𐤉𐤅𐤎𐤐𐤅 yosifu
they will add further
they continue adding
HVhi3mp H3254
3 לַ/חֲטֹ֗א 𐤋/𐤇𐤈𐤀 lachato
to err
to sin
HR/Vqc H2398
4 וַ/יַּעְשׂ֣וּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤏𐤔𐤅 vayaesu
and they did
and they made
HC/Vqw3mp H6213
5 לָ/הֶם֩ 𐤋/𐤄𐤌 lahem
for themselves
HR/Sp3mp
6 מַסֵּכָ֨ה 𐤌𐤎𐤊𐤄 masekhah
cast-metal image
a molten image
HNcfsa H4541
7 מִ/כַּסְפָּ֤/ם 𐤌/𐤊𐤎𐤐/𐤌 mikasepam
from their silver
from their silver
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3mp H3701
8 כִּ/תְבוּנָ/ם֙ 𐤊/𐤕𐤁𐤅𐤍/𐤌 kitevunam
their discernment
according to their understanding
HR/Ncfsc/Sp3mp H8394
9 עֲצַבִּ֔ים 𐤏𐤑𐤁𐤉𐤌 atsabim
carved idols
idols
HNcmpa H6091
10 מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה 𐤌𐤏𐤔𐤄 maaseh
deed of
work of
HNcmsc H4639
11 חָרָשִׁ֖ים 𐤇𐤓𐤔𐤉𐤌 charashim
skilled craftsmen
skilled craftsmen
HNcmpa H2796
12 כֻּלֹּ֑/ה 𐤊𐤋/𐤄 kuloh kila (Swahili)
its entirety
all of it
HNcmsc/Sp3ms H3605
13 לָ/הֶם֙ 𐤋/𐤄𐤌 lahem-2
to them
HR/Sp3mp
14 הֵ֣ם 𐤄𐤌 hem
they
they
HPp3mp H1992
15 אֹמְרִ֔ים 𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤉𐤌 omerim
those saying
those saying
HVqrmpa H559
16 זֹבְחֵ֣י 𐤆𐤁𐤇𐤉 zovechey
sacrificial slaughterers of
sacrificers of
HVqrmpc H2076
17 אָדָ֔ם 𐤀𐤃𐤌 adam
human being
men
HNcmsa H120
18 עֲגָלִ֖ים 𐤏𐤂𐤋𐤉𐤌 agalim
young bull-calves
young bull-calves
HNcmpa H5695
19 יִשָּׁקֽוּ/ן 𐤉𐤔𐤒𐤅/𐤍 yishaqun
they will kiss
let them kiss
HVqi3mp/Sn H5401
Verse 3
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 לָ/כֵ֗ן 𐤋/𐤊𐤍 lakhen cine (Bemba)
accordingly
therefore
HR/D H3651
2 יִֽהְיוּ֙ 𐤉𐤄𐤉𐤅 yiheyu
they will become
they will be
HVqi3mp H1961
3 כַּ/עֲנַן 𐤊/𐤏𐤍𐤍 kaanan
like a covering-cloud of
like a cloud of
HR/Ncmsc H6051
4 בֹּ֔קֶר 𐤁𐤒𐤓 boqer buka (Bemba)
daybreak
of the daybreak
HNcmsa H1242
5 וְ/כַ/טַּ֖ל 𐤅/𐤊/𐤈𐤋 vekhatal
and like dew
and like dew
HC/Rd/Ncmsa H2919
6 מַשְׁכִּ֣ים 𐤌𐤔𐤊𐤉𐤌 mashekim
those who rise early
which vanishes early
HVhrmsa H7925
7 הֹלֵ֑ךְ 𐤄𐤋𐤊 holekhe
the one walking
which goes away
HVqrmsa H1980
8 כְּ/מֹץ֙ 𐤊/𐤌𐤑 kemots
like chaff
like chaff
HR/Ncmsa H4671
9 יְסֹעֵ֣ר 𐤉𐤎𐤏𐤓 yesoer
he will storm violently
that is driven away
HVmi3ms H5590
10 מִ/גֹּ֔רֶן 𐤌/𐤂𐤓𐤍 migoren
from a leveled threshing-floor
from the threshing floor
HR/Ncbsa H1637
11 וּ/כְ/עָשָׁ֖ן 𐤅/𐤊/𐤏𐤔𐤍 ukheashan
and like smoke
and like smoke
HC/R/Ncmsa H6227
12 מֵ/אֲרֻבָּֽה 𐤌/𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤄 mearubah
from an aperture
from a window
HR/Ncfsa H699
Verse 4
Verse 5
Verse 6
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 כְּ/מַרְעִיתָ/ם֙ 𐤊/𐤌𐤓𐤏𐤉𐤕/𐤌 kemareitam
as their pasturage
according to their pasturage
HR/Ncfsc/Sp3mp H4830
2 וַ/יִּשְׂבָּ֔עוּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤁𐤏𐤅 vayisebau
and they became satisfied
and they became satisfied
HC/Vqw3mp H7646
3 שָׂבְע֖וּ 𐤔𐤁𐤏𐤅 saveu
they were satisfied
they were satisfied
HVqp3cp H7646
4 וַ/יָּ֣רָם 𐤅/𐤉𐤓𐤌 vayaram
and he rose high
and their heart was exalted
HC/Vqw3ms H7311
5 לִבָּ֑/ם 𐤋𐤁/𐤌 libam
their inner core
their heart
HNcmsc/Sp3mp H3820
6 עַל 𐤏𐤋 al
upon
therefore
HR H5921
7 כֵּ֖ן 𐤊𐤍 ken cine (Bemba)
thus
so
HTm H3651
8 שְׁכֵחֽוּ/נִי 𐤔𐤊𐤇𐤅/𐤍𐤉 shekhechuni
they have forgotten me
they have forgotten me
HVqp3cp/Sp1cs H7911
Verse 7
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 וָ/אֱהִ֥י 𐤅/𐤀𐤄𐤉 vaehi
and I became
and I was
HC/Vqw1cs H1961
2 לָ/הֶ֖ם 𐤋/𐤄𐤌 lahem
to them
HR/Sp3mp
3 כְּמוֹ 𐤊𐤌𐤅 kemo
like
like
HR H3644
4 שָׁ֑חַל 𐤔𐤇𐤋 shachal
fierce lion
fierce lion
HNcmsa H7826
5 כְּ/נָמֵ֖ר 𐤊/𐤍𐤌𐤓 kenamer
like a spotted feline
like a leopard
HR/Ncmsa H5246
6 עַל 𐤏𐤋 al
upon
upon
HR H5921
7 דֶּ֥רֶךְ 𐤃𐤓𐤊 derekhe
path of
way of
HNcbsa H1870
8 אָשֽׁוּר 𐤀𐤔𐤅𐤓 ashur
Ashshur
Assyria
HVqi1cs H7789
Verse 8
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 אֶפְגְּשֵׁ/ם֙ 𐤀𐤐𐤂𐤔/𐤌 efegeshem
I will meet them
I will meet them
HVqi1cs/Sp3mp H6298
2 כְּ/דֹ֣ב 𐤊/𐤃𐤁 kedov
like a bear
like a bear
HR/Ncmsa H1677
3 שַׁכּ֔וּל 𐤔𐤊𐤅𐤋 shakul
bereaved of children
bereaved of children
HAamsa H7909
4 וְ/אֶקְרַ֖ע 𐤅/𐤀𐤒𐤓𐤏 veeqera kuzula (Sukuma)
and I will tear apart
and I will tear apart
HC/Vqi1cs H7167
5 סְג֣וֹר 𐤎𐤂𐤅𐤓 segor
enclosed covering of
the enclosure of
HNcmsc H5458
6 לִבָּ֑/ם 𐤋𐤁/𐤌 libam
their inner core
their heart
HNcmsc/Sp3mp H3820
7 וְ/אֹכְלֵ֥/ם 𐤅/𐤀𐤊𐤋/𐤌 veokhelem okèlè (Yoruba)
and I will consume them
and I will consume them
HC/Vqi1cs/Sp3mp H398
8 שָׁם֙ 𐤔𐤌 sham
in that place
there
HD H8033
9 כְּ/לָבִ֔יא 𐤊/𐤋𐤁𐤉𐤀 kelavi
like a fierce lion
like a fierce lion
HR/Ncbsa H3833
10 חַיַּ֥ת 𐤇𐤉𐤕 chayat hai (Swahili)
living-being of
living-being of
HNcfsc H2416
11 הַ/שָּׂדֶ֖ה 𐤄/𐤔𐤃𐤄 hasadeh
the open field
the open field
HTd/Ncmsa H7704
12 תְּבַקְּעֵֽ/ם 𐤕𐤁𐤒𐤏/𐤌 tevaqeem
she will violently split them open
she will violently split them open
HVpi3fs/Sp3mp H1234
Verse 9
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 שִֽׁחֶתְ/ךָ֥ 𐤔𐤇𐤕/𐤊 shichetekha
he ruined you
your ruin
HVpp3ms/Sp2ms H7843
2 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 yiserael
El-Contends
Yiserael
HNp H3478
3 כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki
for/because
because
HC H3588
4 בִ֥/י 𐤁/𐤉 vi
in me
HR/Sp1cs
5 בְ/עֶזְרֶֽ/ךָ 𐤁/𐤏𐤆𐤓/𐤊 veezerekha
with your help
in your help
HR/Ncmsc/Sp2ms H5828
Verse 10
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 אֱהִ֤י 𐤀𐤄𐤉 ehi
Where is?
Where is?
HTi H165
2 מַלְכְּ/ךָ֙ 𐤌𐤋𐤊/𐤊 malekekha
your king
your king
HNcmsc/Sp2ms H4428
3 אֵפ֔וֹא 𐤀𐤐𐤅𐤀 efo
where now?
where now?
HD H645
4 וְ/יוֹשִֽׁיעֲ/ךָ֖ 𐤅/𐤉𐤅𐤔𐤉𐤏/𐤊 veyoshiakha
he will deliver you
he will deliver you
HC/Vhi3ms/Sp2ms H3467
5 בְּ/כָל 𐤁/𐤊𐤋 bekhal kila (Swahili)
in the whole of
in all
HR/Ncmsc H3605
6 עָרֶ֑י/ךָ 𐤏𐤓𐤉/𐤊 areykha
your settlements
your cities
HNcfpc/Sp2ms H5892
7 וְ/שֹׁ֣פְטֶ֔י/ךָ 𐤅/𐤔𐤐𐤈𐤉/𐤊 veshofeteykha
and your judging ones
and your judges
HC/Vqrmpc/Sp2ms H8199
8 אֲשֶׁ֣ר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher
that-which
whom
HTr H834
9 אָמַ֔רְתָּ 𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤕 amareta
you said
you said
HVqp2ms H559
10 תְּנָ/ה 𐤕𐤍/𐤄 tenah
Give!
Give!
HVqv2ms/Sh H5414
11 לִּ֖/י 𐤋/𐤉 li
to me
HR/Sp1cs
12 מֶ֥לֶךְ 𐤌𐤋𐤊 melekhe
king of
king of
HNcmsa H4428
13 וְ/שָׂרִֽים 𐤅/𐤔𐤓𐤉𐤌 vesarim
ruling officials
and chiefs
HC/Ncmpa H8269
Verse 11
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 אֶֽתֶּן 𐤀𐤕𐤍 eten
I will give
I gave
HVqi1cs H5414
2 לְ/ךָ֥ 𐤋/𐤊 lekha
to you
HR/Sp2ms
3 מֶ֨לֶךְ֙ 𐤌𐤋𐤊 melekhe
king of
king of
HNcmsa H4428
4 בְּ/אַפִּ֔/י 𐤁/𐤀𐤐/𐤉 beapi
in my anger
in my anger
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs H639
5 וְ/אֶקַּ֖ח 𐤅/𐤀𐤒𐤇 veeqach
and I will take
and I took
HC/Vqi1cs H3947
6 בְּ/עֶבְרָתִֽ/י 𐤁/𐤏𐤁𐤓𐤕/𐤉 beeverati
in my overflowing wrath
in my wrath
HR/Ncfsc/Sp1cs H5678
Verse 12
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 צָרוּר֙ 𐤑𐤓𐤅𐤓 tsarur
bound one
bound up
HVqsmsa H6887
2 עֲוֺ֣ן 𐤏𐤅𐤍 aon
distortion-guilt
iniquity of
HNcbsc H5771
3 אֶפְרָ֔יִם 𐤀𐤐𐤓𐤉𐤌 eferayim
Double Fruitfulness
Eferayim
HNp H669
4 צְפוּנָ֖ה 𐤑𐤐𐤅𐤍𐤄 tsefunah
hidden
is stored up
HVqsfsa H6845
5 חַטָּאתֽ/וֹ 𐤇𐤈𐤀𐤕/𐤅 chatato
his sin
his sin
HNcfsc/Sp3ms H2403
Verse 13
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 חֶבְלֵ֥י 𐤇𐤁𐤋𐤉 cheveley kamba (Swahili)
binding-cords of
pangs of
HNcmpc H2256
2 יֽוֹלֵדָ֖ה 𐤉𐤅𐤋𐤃𐤄 yoledah fyala (Bemba)
birthing woman
woman in childbirth
HVqrfsa H3205
3 יָבֹ֣אוּ 𐤉𐤁𐤀𐤅 yavou
they come
they come
HVqi3mp H935
4 ל֑/וֹ 𐤋/𐤅 lo
upon him
HR/Sp3ms
5 הוּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu
he
he
HPp3ms H1931
6 בֵן֙ 𐤁𐤍 ven Bene (Bemba)
son of
son
HNcmsa H1121
7 לֹ֣א 𐤋𐤀 lo-2
not
not
HTn H3808
8 חָכָ֔ם 𐤇𐤊𐤌 chakham
wise one of
wise
HAamsa H2450
9 כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki
for/because
for
HC H3588
10 עֵ֥ת 𐤏𐤕 et
object marker
time
HNcbsa H6256
11 לֹֽא 𐤋𐤀 lo-3
not
not
HTn H3808
12 יַעֲמֹ֖ד 𐤉𐤏𐤌𐤃 yaamod ima (Bemba)
he will stand
he will stand
HVqi3ms H5975
13 בְּ/מִשְׁבַּ֥ר 𐤁/𐤌𐤔𐤁𐤓 bemishebar
in the birth-breaking of
in the birth-breaking
HR/Ncmsc H4866
14 בָּנִֽים 𐤁𐤍𐤉𐤌 banim Bene (Bemba)
sons
of sons
HNcmpa H1121
Verse 14
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 מִ/יַּ֤ד 𐤌/𐤉𐤃 miyad
from hand of
from hand of
HR/Ncbsc H3027
2 שְׁאוֹל֙ 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 sheol
the underworld
Sheol
HNp H7585
3 אֶפְדֵּ֔/ם 𐤀𐤐𐤃/𐤌 efedem
I will redeem them
I will redeem them
HVqi1cs/Sp3mp H6299
4 מִ/מָּ֖וֶת 𐤌/𐤌𐤅𐤕 mimavet
from death
from death
HR/Ncmsa H4194
5 אֶגְאָלֵ֑/ם 𐤀𐤂𐤀𐤋/𐤌 egealem
I will redeem them
I will redeem them
HVqi1cs/Sp3mp H1350
6 אֱהִ֨י 𐤀𐤄𐤉 ehi
Where is?
Where are
HTi H165
7 דְבָרֶי/ךָ֜ 𐤃𐤁𐤓𐤉/𐤊 devareykha
your words
your plagues
HNcmpc/Sp2ms H1698
8 מָ֗וֶת 𐤌𐤅𐤕 mavet
death
death
HNcmsa H4194
9 אֱהִ֤י 𐤀𐤄𐤉 ehi-2
Where is?
Where is
HTi H165
10 קָֽטָבְ/ךָ֙ 𐤒𐤈𐤁/𐤊 qatavekha
your deadly plague
your destruction
HNcmsc/Sp2ms H6987
11 שְׁא֔וֹל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 sheol-2
the underworld
Sheol
HNp H7585
12 נֹ֖חַם 𐤍𐤇𐤌 nocham
regretful relenting
compassion
HNcmsa H5164
13 יִסָּתֵ֥ר 𐤉𐤎𐤕𐤓 yisater
he will be hidden
will be hidden
HVNi3ms H5641
14 מֵ/עֵינָֽ/י 𐤌/𐤏𐤉𐤍/𐤉 meeynay Enyi (Fante)
from my eyes
from my eyes
HR/Ncbdc/Sp1cs H5869
Verse 15
# Hebrew Translation Morphology Strong's
1 כִּ֣י 𐤊𐤉 ki
for/because
though
HC H3588
2 ה֔וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu
he
he
HPp3ms H1931
3 בֵּ֥ן 𐤁𐤍 ben
son
son
HNcmsc H996
4 אַחִ֖ים 𐤀𐤇𐤉𐤌 achim
brothers
brothers
HNcmpa H251
5 יַפְרִ֑יא 𐤉𐤐𐤓𐤉𐤀 yaferi
he will make fruitful
it will make fruitful
HVhi3ms H6500
6 יָב֣וֹא 𐤉𐤁𐤅𐤀 yavo
he comes
he comes
HVqi3ms H935
7 קָדִים֩ 𐤒𐤃𐤉𐤌 qadim
east
east wind
HNcmsa H6921
8 ר֨וּחַ 𐤓𐤅𐤇 rucha
breath of
wind
HNcbsc H7307
9 יְהוָ֜ה 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 yehvah Nyambe (Lozi)
Yahweh
Yahweh
HNp H3068
10 מִ/מִּדְבָּ֣ר 𐤌/𐤌𐤃𐤁𐤓 mimidebar Mfinda (Kongo)
from grazing steppe of
from wilderness
HR/Ncmsa H4057
11 עֹלֶ֗ה 𐤏𐤋𐤄 oleh Aleya (Bemba)
ascending one
the one going up
HVqrmsa H5927
12 וְ/יֵב֤וֹשׁ 𐤅/𐤉𐤁𐤅𐤔 veyevosh
and he will feel shame
and it will dry up
HC/Vqi3ms H954
13 מְקוֹר/וֹ֙ 𐤌𐤒𐤅𐤓/𐤅 meqoro
his spring
his spring
HNcmsc/Sp3ms H4726
14 וְ/יֶחֱרַ֣ב 𐤅/𐤉𐤇𐤓𐤁 veyecherav koloba (Bemba)
and he will dry up
and it will dry up
HC/Vqi3ms H2717
15 מַעְיָנ֔/וֹ 𐤌𐤏𐤉𐤍/𐤅 maeyano
his spring
his fountain
HNcmsc/Sp3ms H4599
16 ה֣וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu-2
he
it
HPp3ms H1931
17 יִשְׁסֶ֔ה 𐤉𐤔𐤎𐤄 yisheseh
he will plunder
he will plunder
HVqi3ms H8154
18 אוֹצַ֖ר 𐤀𐤅𐤑𐤓 otsar
storehouse of
storehouse of
HNcmsc H214
19 כָּל 𐤊𐤋 kal kila (Swahili)
entirety of
all of
HNcmsc H3605
20 כְּלִ֥י 𐤊𐤋𐤉 keli
prepared implement of
prepared implement of
HNcmsc H3627
21 חֶמְדָּֽה 𐤇𐤌𐤃𐤄 chemedah
object of desire
object of desire
HNcfsa H2532