תְּקוֹמֵם
𐤕𐤒𐤅𐤌𐤌
tᵉqôwmêm
H8618 noun
SILEX Entry
Definition
One who rises up against, a challenger or opponent; specifically used for an adversary in conflict or contest. The term refers to an individual or group who stands against or opposes someone, especially in a hostile or confrontational setting.
Semantic Range
opponent, adversary, challenger, one who rises up against, hostile opposer
Root / Etymology
Derived from the root קוּם (qum), meaning 'to rise, stand, arise.' The form תְּקוֹמֵם is a noun formed with the prefix תְּ- (indicating the product or result of the action), signifying one who rises up or acts in opposition. This noun formation emphasizes the adversarial nature of 'rising up against' rather than the physical act of rising.
Historical & Contextual Notes
The term occurs rarely and specifically in adversarial contexts—often in legal, military, or social opposition (e.g., Numbers 32:14, opponents to Moses and Aaron). 'Opponent' or 'adversary' is accurate, but the nuance of 'one who rises up in opposition' underscores an active, possibly confrontational challenge, not merely generic enmity. In the ancient Israelite context, this word is typically applied to those who act as hostile challengers rather than passive rivals. It is not used for 'enemies' in the broadest sense (as with אויב or שָׂטָן), but highlights active opposition. English translations often render it as 'enemy' or 'adversary,' which may flatten the specific nuance of active opposition or challenge inherent in the word. Its rare occurrence restricts insight into semantic change over periods, but its usage in narrative contexts suggests continuity in its meaning as an active opposer.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
from קוּם; an opponent; rise up against.
Bantu Hebrew
No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been submitted for this word yet.
+ Add Bantu Hebrew WordRoot Family
קום (q-w-m) — rise, stand up, arise
| Strong's | Lemma | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
| H3079 | יְהוֹיָקִים | to YHWH-raises-up |
| H3113 | יוֹיָקִים | and Yahweh-establishes |
| H3137 | יוֹקִים | and YHWH establishes |
| H3351 | יְקוּם | the enduring substance |
| H3356 | יָקִים | to He-Will-Establish |
Word Forms
1 distinct form
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H8618-01 |
וּ֝/בִ/תְקוֹמְמֶ֗י/ךָ | uviteqomemeykha | HC/R/Ncmpc/Sp2ms |
with those rising up against you | and with your rise-up opponents | 1 |
Occurrences in Scripture
1 total occurrence
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H8618-01 |
Psalms 139:21 | וּ֝/בִ/תְקוֹמְמֶ֗י/ךָ | uviteqomemeykha | HC/R/Ncmpc/Sp2ms |
with those rising up against you | and with your rise-up opponents |