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קִים

𐤒𐤉𐤌

qîym

H7009 noun

SILEX Entry

Root קום to stand up, to arise, to be established

Definition

A person or group that rises up in opposition; adversary, enemy. In rare instances, the term can also refer to 'substance' or 'existence' depending on the context, but its primary meaning involves someone rising up as an antagonist.

Semantic Range

enemy, adversary, opponent, one who rises up against; substance, existence

Root / Etymology

Derived from the root קום (QWM), which fundamentally means 'to rise, stand up'. The form קִים (qîym) is a participial or nominal derivative indicating 'one who rises up (against)', particularly in the sense of opposition or hostility. The alternative meaning 'substance' or 'existence' stems metaphorically from the act of rising or standing (i.e., having presence, existence), though this sense is infrequent.

Historical & Contextual Notes

The term קִים occurs rarely in biblical Hebrew and is most prominent in poetic or elevated narrative contexts (e.g., Job 20:27), where it specifically designates an enemy or adversary who 'arises' against someone—contrasting with more generic terms for enemy such as אוֹיֵב (ʾoyev) or צָר (tsar), which emphasize hostility, enmity, or oppression. The notion of 'rising against' highlights the active, confrontational character of the opponent. The alternate sense of 'substance' (as in 'that which stands or subsists') is context-dependent and occurs less frequently, possibly as a semantic extension from people who 'stand' to things that 'stand' or 'subsist.' Later translations sometimes render קִים with general terms for enemy but do not always capture the nuance of 'one who rises up' as opposed to other types of adversaries. This term appears mainly in post-monarchic or poetic texts and does not carry fixed ethnic, geographic, or religious connotations, applying broadly to adversaries in a variety of personal or collective contexts.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from קוּם; an opponent (as rising against one), i.e. (collectively) enemies; substance.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

קום (q-w-m) — to rise, stand up, be established

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H3079 יְהוֹיָקִים to YHWH-raises-up
H3113 יוֹיָקִים and Yahweh-establishes
H3137 יוֹקִים and YHWH establishes
H3351 יְקוּם the enduring substance
H3356 יָקִים to He-Will-Establish

Word Forms

1 distinct form

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H7009-01 קִימָ֑/נוּ qimanu HNcmsc/Sp1cp our substance our rising-up adversary 1

Occurrences in Scripture

1 total occurrence

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H7009-01 Job 22:20 קִימָ֑/נוּ qimanu HNcmsc/Sp1cp our substance our rising-up adversary
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