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קוּם

𐤒𐤅𐤌

qûwm

H6966 verb

SILEX Entry

Root קום to stand, arise, set up, establish

Definition

To stand, arise, or be established; in Aramaic, קוּם (qûwm) generally means to physically stand up, to rise (from a position of sitting, lying, or inactivity), or, more abstractly, to come into existence or be set in position. The word also carries the sense of being appointed or established (especially in official or authoritative roles), to persist or endure, or to be confirmed. The term ranges from literal physical movement to metaphorical senses of beginning, being set in authority, or persevering.

Semantic Range

to stand up, to arise, to get up (from sleep or sitting), to come into existence, to emerge, to be appointed (to office or duty), to be established (in position or rule), to persist, to endure, to be confirmed, to set up, to raise (something or someone)

Root / Etymology

Aramaic קוּם is cognate with the Hebrew root קוּם (QWM), meaning 'to arise, stand, set up.' The verb in Aramaic preserves the Semitic root meaning and its core semantic range. Derived forms and stems expand the sense from simple rising to appointment or establishment. The root is common across Northwest Semitic languages (cf. Ugaritic, Akkadian).

Historical & Contextual Notes

In Biblical Aramaic (e.g., Daniel, Ezra), קוּם appears in narrative and official documents to describe both literal rising (from sitting or sleep) and the establishment or appointment to office or tasks. The verb may also indicate restoration (e.g., rebuilding a structure or restoring an official to power), reflecting the flexibility of the root. The causative (haphel) stem intensifies the meaning to 'cause to stand' or 'establish.' Cognates in Biblical Hebrew (קוּם) have nearly identical functions, but the Aramaic form is distinctive for its persistence in imperial and administrative texts of the Persian and Hellenistic periods. In later Jewish Aramaic dialects, קוּם continues with most of these meanings. English translations (e.g., 'appoint,' 'stand,' 'rise') sometimes obscure the full semantic range, often opting for what fits the narrative context. The word does not typically carry specifically religious overtones unless the context directs it (e.g., rising for prayer or being set in an office related to cultic matters).

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

(Aramaic) corresponding to קוּם; {to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)}; appoint, establish, make, raise up self, (a-) rise (up), (make to) stand, set (up).

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

קום (q-w-m) — stand, arise, set up, establish

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H3079 יְהוֹיָקִים to YHWH-raises-up
H3113 יוֹיָקִים and Yahweh-establishes
H3137 יוֹקִים and YHWH establishes
H3351 יְקוּם the enduring substance
H3356 יָקִים to He-Will-Establish

Word Forms

24 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H6966-02 הֲקֵ֖ים haqeym AVhp3ms had set up to cause to arise 5
H6966-24 יְקוּמ֑וּן yequmun AVqi3mp shall arise they will arise 3
H6966-23 יְק֣וּם yequm AVqi3ms arose he will arise 2
H6966-21 יְהָקֵ֥ים yehaqeym AVhi3ms establishes he will cause to stand 2
H6966-04 הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ haqeymeta AVhp2ms you have set up you established 2
H6966-06 הֳקִימַ֔ת hoqimat AVHp3fs it was raised she was set up 2
H6966-14 תְּק֛וּם tequm AVqi3fs shall stand she will arise 2
H6966-22 יְקִים֩ yeqim AVai3ms he raises up he will raise up 2
H6966-03 הֲקֵ֖ימֶת haqeymet AVhp1cs I-have-set-up I have established 1
H6966-13 תְּקִ֥ים teqim AVai2ms establish you will set up 1

Occurrences in Scripture

36 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H6966-15 Daniel 2:21 וּ/מְהָקֵ֣ים umehaqeym AC/Vhrmsa and establishes and the establisher
H6966-10 Daniel 2:31 קָאֵ֣ם qaem AVqrmsa was standing standing one
H6966-14 Daniel 2:39 תְּק֛וּם tequm AVqi3fs will arise she will arise
H6966-22 Daniel 2:44 יְקִים֩ yeqim AVai3ms will set up he will raise up
H6966-14 Daniel 2:44 תְּק֥וּם tequm AVqi3fs shall stand she will arise
H6966-01 Daniel 3:1 אֲקִימֵ/הּ֙ aqimeh AVap3ms/Sp3ms he set it up he established him
H6966-02 Daniel 3:2 הֲקֵ֖ים haqeym AVhp3ms he had set up to cause to arise
H6966-02 Daniel 3:3 הֲקֵ֖ים haqeym AVhp3ms had set up to cause to arise
H6966-20 Daniel 3:3 ו/קאמין vqmyn AC/Vqrmpa and standing standing ones
H6966-19 Daniel 3:3 וְ/קָֽיְמִין֙ veqayemin AC/Vqrmpa and standing and standing ones
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