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κατάκριμα

katákrima

G2631 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

A judicial verdict of guilt, specifically an adverse sentence or the judgment rendered against someone; typically used for the result of a legal process that leads to condemnation. In broader contexts, it can also refer to the state or condition resulting from such a judgment (i.e., the state of being condemned). The term always refers to the outcome rather than the trial itself and typically carries legal or authoritative weight.

Semantic Range

adverse sentence, judicial verdict of condemnation, result of a process of judgment, (figuratively) state of being under condemnation

Root / Etymology

Derived from the verb κατακρίνω (katakrinō, 'to judge against, to condemn'), itself from κατά ('down, against') + κρίνω ('to judge, to decide'). κατάκριμα is a neuter noun formed with the -μα suffix, indicating the result or product of an action (here: the result of judging against).

Historical & Contextual Notes

In classical and Hellenistic Greek, the verb κατακρίνω is well-attested for the act of passing judgment against someone, but the noun κατάκριμα is rare outside Jewish-Greek and New Testament literature. Its primary usage is judicial and formal, not merely a subjective sense of feeling condemned. In the Greek Old Testament (LXX), the word is absent; it appears principally in Paul’s letters in the New Testament, especially in Romans (5:16, 5:18, 8:1), where it denotes the sentence or consequence resulting from legal condemnation. English tradition often renders it 'condemnation,' but this loses the sense of a specific, declared sentence; the nuance of an official verdict is primary, rather than the broader emotion or state sometimes suggested in modern usage. The noun differs from κατάκρισις (katakrisis), which can refer to the act of condemning or an ongoing process; κατάκριμα emphasizes the resulting sentence. The Greek -μα ending consistently signals the result or outcome of the associated verb.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from κατακρίνω; an adverse sentence (the verdict):--condemnation.

Root Family

κρίν- (epikrínō) — to judge, to decide, to distinguish

Root κρίν- to judge, to condemn, to decide against
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
G1948 ἐπικρίνω he adjudicated
G2917 κρίμα judicial verdict

Word Forms

1 distinct form

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G2631-01 κατάκριμα katakrima N ACC N SG condemnation an adverse verdict an adverse verdict 3

Occurrences in Scripture

3 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G2631-01 Romans 5:16 κατάκριμα katakrima N ACC N SG condemnation an adverse verdict adverse verdict
G2631-01 Romans 5:18 κατάκριμα katakrima N ACC N SG condemnation an adverse verdict an adverse verdict
G2631-01 Romans 8:1 κατάκριμα katakrima N NOM N SG condemnation an adverse verdict an adverse verdict
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