← G1762 G1764 →

ἐνιαυτός

eniautós

G1763 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

A cycle of a year, particularly as a full annual period or a definite season, with reference to the passage or marking of time; also, at times, a set or significant year, such as a festival year or a specific period within a greater chronological framework.

Semantic Range

year (annual cycle); a specific year or period marked by an event; season marked by festivity or ritual; set or appointed period; the full interval from one point in a cycle to its recurrence

Root / Etymology

From the Greek root ἐνιαυτ-, related to Ionian ἐνιαυτός and possibly connected to older forms signifying 'completion of a recurring period'; etymology beyond Greek is uncertain.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In classical Greek, ἐνιαυτός referred broadly to a full 'year'—not merely a calendrical or solar year, but sometimes the cycle of a period marked by festivals, seasons, or rituals. In the Septuagint, it is frequently used to translate Hebrew שנה (shanah, 'year'), especially in ritual or agricultural contexts (such as the sabbatical year or designated festive cycles). In the New Testament, it often denotes a specific or set year, such as 'the year of the Lord's favor' (cf. Luke 4:19), or as a marker for time between events. It tends not to carry the modern abstract sense of a calendar year regardless of activity, but more often indicates a concrete, experienced period with particular significance (e.g., harvest, festivals). English Bible translations almost always render it as 'year,' but this may obscure its more concrete or cyclical implications. Distinguished from χρόνος, which denotes general time or duration, whereas ἐνιαυτός emphasizes a recurring or special annual cycle. In Hellenistic and Koine usage, the distinction sometimes blurs, but the ritual or cyclical sense is often preserved.

Translation Consistency

primary "year" 14 occurrences

'Year' is the natural, common English word that covers the full semantic range of ἐνιαυτός — an annual cycle, a specific or festival year, or an appointed period. It is the dominant rendering in the attestations (10/14) and reads naturally in all inflected forms (year, years, yearly), so it provides the most consistent and idiomatic choice for the SIBI translation.

✓ All renderings match approved senses

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

prolongation from a primary (a year); a year:--year.

Root Family

ἐνιαυτός (eniautos) — annual period, annual cycle, year

Root ἐνιαυτ- annual period, annual cycle, year

Word Forms

3 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G1763-01 ἐνιαυτὸν eniauton N ACC M SG year an annual cycle a year 8
G1763-02 ἐνιαυτοῦ eniautou N GEN M SG year of a yearly cycle of a year 4
G1763-03 ἐνιαυτούς eniautous N ACC M PL years annual cycles years 2

Occurrences in Scripture

14 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G1763-01 Luke 4:19 ἐνιαυτὸν eniauton N ACC M SG year an annual cycle a year
G1763-02 John 11:49 ἐνιαυτοῦ eniautou N GEN M SG year of a yearly cycle of a year
G1763-02 John 11:51 ἐνιαυτοῦ eniautou N GEN M SG year of a yearly cycle of a year
G1763-02 John 18:13 ἐνιαυτοῦ eniautou N GEN M SG year of a yearly cycle of a year
G1763-01 Acts 11:26 ἐνιαυτὸν eniauton N ACC M SG a year an annual cycle a year
G1763-01 Acts 18:11 ἐνιαυτὸν eniauton N ACC M SG a year an annual cycle a year
G1763-03 Galatians 4:10 ἐνιαυτούς eniautous N ACC M PL years annual cycles years
G1763-02 Hebrews 9:7 ἐνιαυτοῦ eniautou N GEN M SG year of a yearly cycle of a year
G1763-01 Hebrews 9:25 ἐνιαυτὸν eniauton N ACC M SG year an annual cycle a year
G1763-01 Hebrews 10:1 ἐνιαυτὸν eniauton N ACC M SG year an annual cycle a year
← G1762 Greek Lexicon G1764 →