ἔκαμψαν

kámptō

have bowed

To bend; to cause something to become curved or inclined from a straight position. In various contexts, signifies physically bending (e.g., a body or limb), as well as the metaphorical action of bowing or submitting, particularly in reverence, worship, or subjection. In literary and religious contexts, especially used of bowing the knee as an act of homage or obeisance.

G2578

Romans 11:4 · Word #13

Lexicon G2578

Lemmaκάμπτω
Transliterationkámptō
Strong'sG2578
DefinitionTo bend; to cause something to become curved or inclined from a straight position. In various contexts, signifies physically bending (e.g., a body or limb), as well as the metaphorical action of bowing or submitting, particularly in reverence, worship, or subjection. In literary and religious contexts, especially used of bowing the knee as an act of homage or obeisance.

Morphology V AOR ACT IND 3P PL All morphology codes

Part of Speech V — Verb — An action or state of being
Tense AOR — Aorist — Simple occurrence, often past
Voice ACT — Active — The subject performs the action
Mood IND — Indicative — States a fact or reality
Person 3P — 3rd person — The one spoken about ("he/she/it/they")
Number PL — Plural — More than one

Common Translation

Phrasehave bowed
Literalbent

Lexical Info

Lemmaκάμπτω
Strong'sG2578

SIBI-P1 Translation G2578-01

they bent

Morphological NotesVerb; aorist tense (simple past), active voice, indicative mood, 3rd person plural.
Rendering RationaleThe aorist active indicative third plural form denotes a simple completed action in the past performed by a plural subject. "They bent" preserves the core root meaning of physical or figurative bending without adding contextual nuance.

View full lexicon entry for G2578 →

SILEX v2

SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)

bend

Same as P1No — adjusted for context
RationaleContext calls for a simple past or English aorist. 'bend' (as in 'did not bend') is more accurate than 'they bent' when combined with the negation in context.
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