Job 41

YHWH rhetorically challenges Job's ability to capture or tame **Leviathan**, a fearsome sea creature with impenetrable scales, invincible strength, and eyes like dawn rays, emphasizing human limitations.[1][2][3] The detailed description underscores YHWH's sovereign dominion over all creation, as everything under heaven belongs to Him, and Leviathan reigns as king over the proud.[1][2]

← Chapter 40 Chapter 42 →

Interlinear Text

Verse 1

Behold Look! his hope his enduring hope is cut off she proved false even at also the sight of toward him his appearance one be cast down he will be violently hurled

הֵן 𐤄𐤍 hen Behold Look! HTm תֹּחַלְתּ֥/וֹ 𐤕𐤇𐤋𐤕/𐤅 tochaleto his hope his enduring hope HNcfsc/Sp3ms נִכְזָ֑בָה 𐤍𐤊𐤆𐤁𐤄 nikhezavah is cut off she proved false HVNp3fs הֲ/גַ֖ם 𐤄/𐤂𐤌 hagam even at also HTi/D אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el the sight of toward HR מַרְאָ֣י/ו 𐤌𐤓𐤀𐤉/𐤅 mareayv him his appearance HNcmsc/Sp3ms יֻטָֽל 𐤉𐤈𐤋 yutal one be cast down he will be violently hurled HVHi3ms

Verse 2

not not cruel cruel one that for/because will-awake-him he will rouse him and-who and who? he he before-me before my face will-stand he will station himself

לֹֽא 𐤋𐤀 lo not not HTn אַ֭כְזָר 𐤀𐤊𐤆𐤓 akhezar cruel cruel one HAamsa כִּ֣י 𐤊𐤉 ki that for/because HC יְעוּרֶ֑/נּוּ 𐤉𐤏𐤅𐤓/𐤍𐤅 yeurenu will-awake-him he will rouse him HVqi3ms/Sp3ms וּ/מִ֥י 𐤅/𐤌𐤉 umi and-who and who? HC/Ti ה֝֗וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu he he HPp3ms לְ/פָנַ֥/י 𐤋/𐤐𐤍/𐤉 lefanay before-me before my face HR/Ncbpc/Sp1cs יִתְיַצָּֽב 𐤉𐤕𐤉𐤑𐤁 yiteyatsav will-stand he will station himself HVti3ms

Verse 3

who? who? will make supplications to me he preceded me or will I repay let me repay fully for under; in place of all entirety of the heavens the lofty-heights to me — he he

מִ֣י 𐤌𐤉 mi who? who? HTi הִ֭קְדִּימַ/נִי 𐤄𐤒𐤃𐤉𐤌/𐤍𐤉 hiqedimani will make supplications to me he preceded me HVhp3ms/Sp1cs וַ/אֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם 𐤅/𐤀𐤔𐤋𐤌 vaashalem or will I repay let me repay fully HC/Vpi1cs תַּ֖חַת 𐤕𐤇𐤕 tachat for under; in place of HR כָּל 𐤊𐤋 kal all entirety of HNcmsc הַ/שָּׁמַ֣יִם 𐤄/𐤔𐤌𐤉𐤌 hashamayim the heavens the lofty-heights HTd/Ncmpa לִ/י 𐤋/𐤉 li to me HR/Sp1cs הֽוּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu he he HPp3ms

Verse 4

Will he? not he — make a covenant I will silence with him his poles that you take and word-of his strength mighty deeds of and arrangement and beauty-of of him his valuation

לא 𐤋𐤀 l Will he? not HTn לֽ/וֹ 𐤋/𐤅 lo he HR/Sp3ms אַחֲרִ֥ישׁ 𐤀𐤇𐤓𐤉𐤔 acharish make a covenant I will silence HVhi1cs בַּדָּ֑י/ו 𐤁𐤃𐤉/𐤅 badayv with him his poles HNcmpc/Sp3ms וּ/דְבַר 𐤅/𐤃𐤁𐤓 udevar that you take and word-of HC/Ncmsc גְּ֝בוּר֗וֹת 𐤂𐤁𐤅𐤓𐤅𐤕 gevurot his strength mighty deeds of HNcfpa וְ/חִ֣ין 𐤅/𐤇𐤉𐤍 vechin and arrangement and beauty-of HC/Ncmsc עֶרְכּֽ/וֹ 𐤏𐤓𐤊/𐤅 ereko of him his valuation HNcmsc/Sp3ms

Verse 5

Who who? will play he laid bare with face of as with a bird his garment for your in double-fold of maidens his bridle Who who? will bind he comes

מִֽי 𐤌𐤉 mi Who who? HTi גִ֭לָּה 𐤂𐤋𐤄 gilah will play he laid bare HVpp3ms פְּנֵ֣י 𐤐𐤍𐤉 peney with face of HNcbpc לְבוּשׁ֑/וֹ 𐤋𐤁𐤅𐤔/𐤅 levusho as with a bird his garment HNcmsc/Sp3ms בְּ/כֶ֥פֶל 𐤁/𐤊𐤐𐤋 bekhefel for your in double-fold of HR/Ncmsc רִ֝סְנ֗/וֹ 𐤓𐤎𐤍/𐤅 riseno maidens his bridle HNcmsc/Sp3ms מִ֣י 𐤌𐤉 mi-2 Who who? HTi יָבֽוֹא 𐤉𐤁𐤅𐤀 yavo will bind he comes HVqi3ms

Verse 6

doors two hanging door-panels of of his face his face who who? open he opened up around surrounding areas of his teeth his teeth terror overwhelming dread

דַּלְתֵ֣י 𐤃𐤋𐤕𐤉 daletey doors two hanging door-panels of HNcfdc פָ֭נָי/ו 𐤐𐤍𐤉/𐤅 fanayv of his face his face HNcbpc/Sp3ms מִ֣י 𐤌𐤉 mi who who? HTi פִתֵּ֑חַ 𐤐𐤕𐤇 fitecha open he opened up HVpp3ms סְבִיב֖וֹת 𐤎𐤁𐤉𐤁𐤅𐤕 sevivot around surrounding areas of HNcbpc שִׁנָּ֣י/ו 𐤔𐤍𐤉/𐤅 shinayv his teeth his teeth HNcbdc/Sp3ms אֵימָֽה 𐤀𐤉𐤌𐤄 eymah terror overwhelming dread HNcfsa

Verse 7

pride loftiness channels channels of shields protective shields closed shut-in one seal authenticating seal tight narrow, constricted

גַּ֭אֲוָה 𐤂𐤀𐤅𐤄 gaavah pride loftiness HNcfsa אֲפִיקֵ֣י 𐤀𐤐𐤉𐤒𐤉 afiqey channels channels of HNcmpc מָֽגִנִּ֑ים 𐤌𐤂𐤍𐤉𐤌 maginim shields protective shields HNcbpa סָ֝ג֗וּר 𐤎𐤂𐤅𐤓 sagur closed shut-in one HVqsmsa חוֹתָ֥ם 𐤇𐤅𐤕𐤌 chotam seal authenticating seal HNcmsa צָֽר 𐤑𐤓 tsar tight narrow, constricted HAamsa

Verse 8

one one together in one they approach they draw near and spirit and wind-of not not will come he comes between them between them

אֶחָ֣ד 𐤀𐤇𐤃 echad Eka (Bemba) one one HAcmsa בְּ/אֶחָ֣ד 𐤁/𐤀𐤇𐤃 beechad Eka (Bemba) together in one HR/Acmsa יִגַּ֑שׁוּ 𐤉𐤂𐤔𐤅 yigashu they approach they draw near HVqi3mp וְ֝/ר֗וּחַ 𐤅/𐤓𐤅𐤇 verucha Roho (Swahili) and spirit and wind-of HC/Ncbsa לֹא 𐤋𐤀 lo not not HTn יָב֥וֹא 𐤉𐤁𐤅𐤀 yavo will come he comes HVqi3ms בֵֽינֵי/הֶֽם 𐤁𐤉𐤍𐤉/𐤄𐤌 veyneyhem between them between them HR/Sp3mp

Verse 9

man man his brothers his brother will cling they will be closely joined will be taken they will ensnare themselves and not and not will they be separated they will separate themselves

אִישׁ 𐤀𐤉𐤔 ish man man HNcmsa בְּ/אָחִ֥י/הוּ 𐤁/𐤀𐤇𐤉/𐤄𐤅 beachihu his brothers his brother HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms יְדֻבָּ֑קוּ 𐤉𐤃𐤁𐤒𐤅 yedubaqu will cling they will be closely joined HVPi3mp יִ֝תְלַכְּד֗וּ 𐤉𐤕𐤋𐤊𐤃𐤅 yitelakedu will be taken they will ensnare themselves HVti3mp וְ/לֹ֣א 𐤅/𐤋𐤀 velo and not and not HC/Tn יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ 𐤉𐤕𐤐𐤓𐤃𐤅 yiteparadu will they be separated they will separate themselves HVti3mp

Verse 10

his sparks his sneezings go forth she will cause to shine as light light and his eyes his eyes like eyelids like fluttering eyelids of dawn dawn-light

עֲֽ֭טִישֹׁתָי/ו 𐤏𐤈𐤉𐤔𐤕𐤉/𐤅 atishotayv his sparks his sneezings HNcfpc/Sp3ms תָּ֣הֶל 𐤕𐤄𐤋 tahel go forth she will cause to shine HVhi3fs א֑וֹר 𐤀𐤅𐤓 or as light light HNcbsa וְ֝/עֵינָ֗י/ו 𐤅/𐤏𐤉𐤍𐤉/𐤅 veeynayv and his eyes his eyes HC/Ncbdc/Sp3ms כְּ/עַפְעַפֵּי 𐤊/𐤏𐤐𐤏𐤐𐤉 keafeapey like eyelids like fluttering eyelids of HR/Ncmdc שָֽׁחַר 𐤔𐤇𐤓 shachar dawn dawn-light HNcmsa

Verse 11

from-his-mouth from his mouth torches burning torches go they will go like-flames struck-off sparks of fire fire they-are-thrown-out they will slip away

מִ֭/פִּי/ו 𐤌/𐤐𐤉/𐤅 mipiv from-his-mouth from his mouth HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms לַפִּידִ֣ים 𐤋𐤐𐤉𐤃𐤉𐤌 lapidim torches burning torches HNcmpa יַהֲלֹ֑כוּ 𐤉𐤄𐤋𐤊𐤅 yahalokhu go they will go HVqi3mp כִּיד֥וֹדֵי 𐤊𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤃𐤉 kidodey like-flames struck-off sparks of HNcmpc אֵ֝֗שׁ 𐤀𐤔 esh fire fire HNcbsa יִתְמַלָּֽטוּ 𐤉𐤕𐤌𐤋𐤈𐤅 yitemalatu they-are-thrown-out they will slip away HVti3mp

Verse 12

from his nostrils from his nostrils goes out he goes out smoke smoke like a pot like a boiling pot boiling blown and rush marsh-reed stalk

מִ֭/נְּחִירָי/ו 𐤌/𐤍𐤇𐤉𐤓𐤉/𐤅 minechirayv from his nostrils from his nostrils HR/Ncmdc/Sp3ms יֵצֵ֣א 𐤉𐤑𐤀 yetse goes out he goes out HVqi3ms עָשָׁ֑ן 𐤏𐤔𐤍 ashan smoke smoke HNcmsa כְּ/ד֖וּד 𐤊/𐤃𐤅𐤃 kedud like a pot like a boiling pot HR/Ncmsa נָפ֣וּחַ 𐤍𐤐𐤅𐤇 nafucha boiling blown HVqsmsa וְ/אַגְמֹֽן 𐤅/𐤀𐤂𐤌𐤍 veagemon and rush marsh-reed stalk HC/Ncmsa

Verse 13

his soul his living-self coals glowing coals kindles she will blaze fiercely and-flame and-blaze of from his mouth from his mouth goes he goes out

נַ֭פְשׁ/וֹ 𐤍𐤐𐤔/𐤅 nafesho his soul his living-self HNcbsc/Sp3ms גֶּחָלִ֣ים 𐤂𐤇𐤋𐤉𐤌 gechalim coals glowing coals HNcbpa תְּלַהֵ֑ט 𐤕𐤋𐤄𐤈 telahet kindles she will blaze fiercely HVpi3fs וְ֝/לַ֗הַב 𐤅/𐤋𐤄𐤁 velahav and-flame and-blaze of HC/Ncmsa מִ/פִּ֥י/ו 𐤌/𐤐𐤉/𐤅 mipiv from his mouth from his mouth HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms יֵצֵֽא 𐤉𐤑𐤀 yetse goes he goes out HVqi3ms

Verse 14

around his neck at his neck lodges he will lodge overnight strength strength and before his face and before his face is shaken she will leap terror inner wasting-away

בְּֽ֭/צַוָּאר/וֹ 𐤁/𐤑𐤅𐤀𐤓/𐤅 betsavaro around his neck at his neck HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms יָלִ֣ין 𐤉𐤋𐤉𐤍 yalin lodges he will lodge overnight HVqi3ms עֹ֑ז 𐤏𐤆 oz strength strength HNcmsa וּ֝/לְ/פָנָ֗י/ו 𐤅/𐤋/𐤐𐤍𐤉/𐤅 ulefanayv and before his face and before his face HC/R/Ncbpc/Sp3ms תָּד֥וּץ 𐤕𐤃𐤅𐤑 taduts is shaken she will leap HVqi3fs דְּאָבָֽה 𐤃𐤀𐤁𐤄 deavah terror inner wasting-away HNcfsa

Verse 15

rows of fallen-off fragments of his flesh his flesh are joined they clung fast poured poured-out upon it upon him not not at all it will be moved he will be shaken

מַפְּלֵ֣י 𐤌𐤐𐤋𐤉 mapeley rows of fallen-off fragments of HNcmpc בְשָׂר֣/וֹ 𐤁𐤔𐤓/𐤅 vesaro his flesh his flesh HNcmsc/Sp3ms דָבֵ֑קוּ 𐤃𐤁𐤒𐤅 davequ are joined they clung fast HVqp3cp יָצ֥וּק 𐤉𐤑𐤅𐤒 yatsuq poured poured-out HVqsmsa עָ֝לָ֗י/ו 𐤏𐤋𐤉/𐤅 alayv upon it upon him HR/Sp3ms בַּל 𐤁𐤋 bal not not at all HTn יִמּֽוֹט 𐤉𐤌𐤅𐤈 yimot it will be moved he will be shaken HVNi3ms

Verse 16

his heart his inner core is firm poured-out like like stone stone and firm and poured-out one like a shell like a slice nether lowermost

לִ֭בּ/וֹ 𐤋𐤁/𐤅 libo his heart his inner core HNcmsc/Sp3ms יָצ֣וּק 𐤉𐤑𐤅𐤒 yatsuq is firm poured-out HVqsmsa כְּמוֹ 𐤊𐤌𐤅 kemo like like HR אָ֑בֶן 𐤀𐤁𐤍 aven stone stone HNcfsa וְ֝/יָצ֗וּק 𐤅/𐤉𐤑𐤅𐤒 veyatsuq and firm and poured-out one HC/Vqsmsa כְּ/פֶ֣לַח 𐤊/𐤐𐤋𐤇 kefelach like a shell like a slice HR/Ncfsa תַּחְתִּֽית 𐤕𐤇𐤕𐤉𐤕 tachetit nether lowermost HAafsa

Verse 17

from its scales his rising they lodge they sojourn as strong ones mighty ones from breakings shatterings they are defiled they purify themselves

מִ֭/שֵּׂת/וֹ 𐤌/𐤔𐤕/𐤅 miseto from its scales his rising HR/Ncfsc/Sp3ms יָג֣וּרוּ 𐤉𐤂𐤅𐤓𐤅 yaguru they lodge they sojourn HVqi3mp אֵלִ֑ים 𐤀𐤋𐤉𐤌 elim as strong ones mighty ones HNcmpa מִ֝/שְּׁבָרִ֗ים 𐤌/𐤔𐤁𐤓𐤉𐤌 mishevarim from breakings shatterings HR/Ncmpa יִתְחַטָּֽאוּ 𐤉𐤕𐤇𐤈𐤀𐤅 yitechatau they are defiled they purify themselves HVti3mp

Verse 18

reaches him one overtaking him sword blade of destruction without without, lacking standing firm you will rise spear set spear missile projectile of and his armor interlaced armor

מַשִּׂיגֵ֣/הוּ 𐤌𐤔𐤉𐤂/𐤄𐤅 masigehu reaches him one overtaking him HVhrmsc/Sp3ms חֶ֭רֶב 𐤇𐤓𐤁 cherev sword blade of destruction HNcfsa בְּלִ֣י 𐤁𐤋𐤉 beli without without, lacking HTn תָק֑וּם 𐤕𐤒𐤅𐤌 taqum standing firm you will rise HVqi3fs חֲנִ֖ית 𐤇𐤍𐤉𐤕 chanit spear set spear HNcfsa מַסָּ֣ע 𐤌𐤎𐤏 masa missile projectile of HNcmsa וְ/שִׁרְיָֽה 𐤅/𐤔𐤓𐤉𐤄 veshireyah and his armor interlaced armor HC/Ncfsa

Verse 19

considers he plans as stubble building-straw iron iron as wood to a tree rotten wood rottenness bronze copper-bronze

יַחְשֹׁ֣ב 𐤉𐤇𐤔𐤁 yacheshov considers he plans HVqi3ms לְ/תֶ֣בֶן 𐤋/𐤕𐤁𐤍 leteven as stubble building-straw HR/Ncmsa בַּרְזֶ֑ל 𐤁𐤓𐤆𐤋 barezel iron iron HNcmsa לְ/עֵ֖ץ 𐤋/𐤏𐤑 leets as wood to a tree HR/Ncmsc רִקָּב֣וֹן 𐤓𐤒𐤁𐤅𐤍 riqavon rotten wood rottenness HNcmsa נְחוּשָֽׁה 𐤍𐤇𐤅𐤔𐤄 nechushah bronze copper-bronze HNcfsa

Verse 20

no not will make him flee he will put him to flight son of son of bow curved bow stubble to straw are turned they were overturned to him — stones of building-stones of sling he slung

לֹֽא 𐤋𐤀 lo no not HTn יַבְרִיחֶ֥/נּוּ 𐤉𐤁𐤓𐤉𐤇/𐤍𐤅 yaverichenu will make him flee he will put him to flight HVhi3ms/Sp3ms בֶן 𐤁𐤍 ven Bene (Bemba) son of son of HNcmsc קָ֑שֶׁת 𐤒𐤔𐤕 qashet bow curved bow HNcfsa לְ֝/קַ֗שׁ 𐤋/𐤒𐤔 leqash stubble to straw HR/Ncmsa נֶהְפְּכוּ 𐤍𐤄𐤐𐤊𐤅 nehepekhu are turned they were overturned HVNp3cp ל֥/וֹ 𐤋/𐤅 lo-2 to him HR/Sp3ms אַבְנֵי 𐤀𐤁𐤍𐤉 aveney stones of building-stones of HNcfpc קָֽלַע 𐤒𐤋𐤏 qala sling he slung HNcmsa

Verse 21

like stubble like dry straw are counted they were reckoned a threshing sledge bludgeoning club and it laughs and he laughs at the rattling for quaking of a javelin striking-spear

כְּ֭/קַשׁ 𐤊/𐤒𐤔 keqash like stubble like dry straw HR/Ncmsa נֶחְשְׁב֣וּ 𐤍𐤇𐤔𐤁𐤅 necheshevu are counted they were reckoned HVNp3cp תוֹתָ֑ח 𐤕𐤅𐤕𐤇 totach a threshing sledge bludgeoning club HNcmsa וְ֝/יִשְׂחַ֗ק 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤇𐤒 veyisechaq and it laughs and he laughs HC/Vqi3ms לְ/רַ֣עַשׁ 𐤋/𐤓𐤏𐤔 leraash at the rattling for quaking HR/Ncmsc כִּידֽוֹן 𐤊𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 kidon of a javelin striking-spear HNcmsa

Verse 22

under it beneath him; in his place sharp sharp points of plowshares pottery shard run he will spread out sharp sharpened one on upon clay sticky mud

תַּ֭חְתָּי/ו 𐤕𐤇𐤕𐤉/𐤅 tachetayv under it beneath him; in his place HR/Sp3ms חַדּ֣וּדֵי 𐤇𐤃𐤅𐤃𐤉 chadudey sharp sharp points of HNcmpc חָ֑רֶשׂ 𐤇𐤓𐤔 chares plowshares pottery shard HNcmsa יִרְפַּ֖ד 𐤉𐤓𐤐𐤃 yirepad run he will spread out HVqi3ms חָר֣וּץ 𐤇𐤓𐤅𐤑 charuts sharp sharpened one HNcmsa עֲלֵי 𐤏𐤋𐤉 aley on upon HR טִֽיט 𐤈𐤉𐤈 tit clay sticky mud HNcmsa

Verse 23

are joined together he will cause to boil like a pot boiling pot of deep water sunken deep-place sea sea of he sets he places like ointment ointment-mixing vessel

יַרְתִּ֣יחַ 𐤉𐤓𐤕𐤉𐤇 yareticha are joined together he will cause to boil HVhi3ms כַּ/סִּ֣יר 𐤊/𐤎𐤉𐤓 kasir like a pot boiling pot HRd/Ncbsa מְצוּלָ֑ה 𐤌𐤑𐤅𐤋𐤄 metsulah of deep water sunken deep-place HNcfsa יָ֝֗ם 𐤉𐤌 yam sea sea of HNcmsa יָשִׂ֥ים 𐤉𐤔𐤉𐤌 yasim he sets he places HVqi3ms כַּ/מֶּרְקָחָֽה 𐤊/𐤌𐤓𐤒𐤇𐤄 kamereqachah like ointment ointment-mixing vessel HRd/Ncfsa

Verse 24

after it behind him shines He shines path well-trodden path he considers he plans the deep roaring deep as gray hair to gray-haired old age

אַ֭חֲרָי/ו 𐤀𐤇𐤓𐤉/𐤅 acharayv after it behind him HR/Sp3ms יָאִ֣יר 𐤉𐤀𐤉𐤓 yair shines He shines HVhi3ms נָתִ֑יב 𐤍𐤕𐤉𐤁 nativ path well-trodden path HNcbsa יַחְשֹׁ֖ב 𐤉𐤇𐤔𐤁 yacheshov he considers he plans HVqi3ms תְּה֣וֹם 𐤕𐤄𐤅𐤌 tehom the deep roaring deep HNcbsa לְ/שֵׂיבָֽה 𐤋/𐤔𐤉𐤁𐤄 leseyvah as gray hair to gray-haired old age HR/Ncfsa

Verse 25

there is no there is not over upon dust dust dominion-his his ruler they-made made for-without without terror he was shattered

אֵֽין 𐤀𐤉𐤍 eyn there is no there is not HTn עַל 𐤏𐤋 al over upon HR עָפָ֥ר 𐤏𐤐𐤓 afar dust dust HNcmsa מָשְׁל֑/וֹ 𐤌𐤔𐤋/𐤅 mashelo dominion-his his ruler HNcmsc/Sp3ms הֶ֝/עָשׂ֗וּ 𐤄/𐤏𐤔𐤅 heasu they-made made HTd/Vqsmsa לִ/בְלִי 𐤋/𐤁𐤋𐤉 liveli for-without without HR/Tn חָֽת 𐤇𐤕 chat terror he was shattered HNcmsa

Verse 26

[direct object marker] object-marker every entirety of high lofty he sees he sees he/it he king king of over upon all entirety of sons of sons of pride arrogant strutting

אֵֽת 𐤀𐤕 et [direct object marker] object-marker HTo כָּל 𐤊𐤋 kal every entirety of HNcmsc גָּבֹ֥הַּ 𐤂𐤁𐤄 gavoha high lofty HAamsa יִרְאֶ֑ה 𐤉𐤓𐤀𐤄 yireeh he sees he sees HVqi3ms ה֝֗וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu he/it he HPp3ms מֶ֣לֶךְ 𐤌𐤋𐤊 melekhe king king of HNcmsa עַל 𐤏𐤋 al over upon HR כָּל 𐤊𐤋 kal-2 all entirety of HNcmsc בְּנֵי 𐤁𐤍𐤉 beney Bene (Bemba) sons of sons of HNcmpc שָֽׁחַץ 𐤔𐤇𐤑 shachats pride arrogant strutting HNcmsa

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