מְשׁוֹמֵ֔ם
𐤌𐤔𐤅𐤌𐤌
shâmêm
appalled
To be or become desolate, deserted, or devastated; to experience devastation or horror, to be appalled or stunned, often as a result of witnessing or experiencing catastrophic ruin. The term can describe both literal destruction of places and figurative states of astonishment or horror from calamity. Usage typically reflects passive experience but can also denote actively bringing ruin upon something.
Ezra 9:4 · Word #13
Lexicon H8074
| Lemma | שָׁמֵם |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤔𐤌𐤌 |
| Transliteration | shâmêm |
| Strong's | H8074 |
| Definition | To be or become desolate, deserted, or devastated; to experience devastation or horror, to be appalled or stunned, often as a result of witnessing or experiencing catastrophic ruin. The term can describe both literal destruction of places and figurative states of astonishment or horror from calamity. Usage typically reflects passive experience but can also denote actively bringing ruin upon something. |
Morphology HVmsmsa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | m — Poel — Variant active |
| Conjugation | s — Participle Passive — The one receiving the action |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
Common Translation
| Phrase | appalled |
SIBI-P1 Translation H8074-11
devastating one
| Morphological Notes | Verb, Poel (intensive), active participle, masculine singular absolute. |
| Rendering Rationale | The Poel stem gives an intensive/active sense, and the masculine singular active participle denotes one who actively brings about desolation or horror. "Devastating one" preserves the root idea of causing desolation while reflecting the participial form. |
View full lexicon entry for H8074 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
appalled
| Same as P1 | No — adjusted for context |
| Rationale | 'Devastating one' is an incorrect participial form. In this context, the term describes Ezra's emotional state: 'appalled.' This matches the standard and context-sensitive rendering. |