Malachi 1
Translation comparison — word by word
Malachi 1:1
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מַשָּׂ֥א masa H4853 | oracle | burden of | burden of |
| 2 | דְבַר devar H1697 | word | word of | word of |
| 3 | יְהוָ֖ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 4 | אֶל el H413 | to | toward | to |
| 5 | יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל yiserael H3478 | Israel | El-Contends | Yiserael |
| 6 | בְּ/יַ֖ד beyad H3027 | by the hand of | by the hand of | in the hand of |
| 7 | מַלְאָכִֽי maleakhi H4401 | Malachi | My messenger | Maleakhi |
Malachi 1:2
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אָהַ֤בְתִּי ahaveti H157 | I have loved | I have loved | I have loved |
| 2 | אֶתְ/כֶם֙ etekhem H853 | you | you marked as object | [·] |
| 3 | אָמַ֣ר amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 4 | יְהוָ֔ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 5 | וַ/אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם vaamaretem H559 | But you say | and you said | and you said |
| 6 | בַּ/מָּ֣ה bamah H4100 | In what | with what? | in what |
| 7 | אֲהַבְתָּ֑/נוּ ahavetanu H157 | have you loved us | you have loved us | you have loved us |
| 8 | הֲ/לוֹא halo H3808 | Is not | is it not? | is it not |
| 9 | אָ֨ח ach H251 | brother | brother | brother |
| 10 | עֵשָׂ֤ו esav H6215 | Esau | Esav | Esav |
| 11 | לְ/יַֽעֲקֹב֙ leyaaqov H3290 | to Jacob | to Heel-Grasper | to Yaaqov |
| 12 | נְאֻם neum H5002 | says | solemn utterance of | declaration of |
| 13 | יְהוָ֔ה yehvah-2 H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 14 | וָ/אֹהַ֖ב vaohav H157 | yet I loved | and I loved | and I loved |
| 15 | אֶֽת et H853 | [direct object marker] | object-marker | [·] |
| 16 | יַעֲקֹֽב yaaqov H3290 | Jacob | Heel-Grasper | Yaaqov |
Malachi 1:3
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ/אֶת veet H853 | and Esau | and object-marker | [·] |
| 2 | עֵשָׂ֖ו esav H6215 | Esau | Esav | Esav |
| 3 | שָׂנֵ֑אתִי saneti H8130 | I have hated | I hated | I hated |
| 4 | וָ/אָשִׂ֤ים vaasim H7760 | and I made | and I set | and I set |
| 5 | אֶת et H853 | his mountains | object-marker | [·] |
| 6 | הָרָי/ו֙ harayv H2022 | his mountains | his mountains | his mountains |
| 7 | שְׁמָמָ֔ה shemamah H8077 | a desolation | utter desolation | utter desolation |
| 8 | וְ/אֶת veet-2 H853 | and his inheritance | and object-marker | [·] |
| 9 | נַחֲלָת֖/וֹ nachalato H5159 | his inheritance | his inherited portion | his inheritance |
| 10 | לְ/תַנּ֥וֹת letanot H8568 | for jackals | to wail intensely | for jackals |
| 11 | מִדְבָּֽר midebar H4057 | of the wilderness | grazing-land of | wilderness |
Malachi 1:4
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּֽי ki H3588 | because | for/because | because |
| 2 | תֹאמַ֨ר tomar H559 | she-says | you will say | you will say |
| 3 | אֱד֜וֹם edom H123 | Edom | Red-One | Edom |
| 4 | רֻשַּׁ֗שְׁנוּ rushashenu H7567 | we-have-been-devastated | we have been shattered | we have been shattered |
| 5 | וְ/נָשׁוּב֙ venashuv H7725 | and-we-will-return | and we will return | and we will return |
| 6 | וְ/נִבְנֶ֣ה veniveneh H1129 | and-we-will-build | and we will build | and we will build |
| 7 | חֳרָב֔וֹת choravot H2723 | ruins | laid-waste places | ruined places |
| 8 | כֹּ֤ה koh H3541 | thus | in this manner | thus |
| 9 | אָמַר֙ amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 10 | יְהוָ֣ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 11 | צְבָא֔וֹת tsevaot H6635 | of-hosts | organized hosts | organized hosts |
| 12 | הֵ֥מָּה hemah H1992 | they | they | they |
| 13 | יִבְנ֖וּ yivenu H1129 | may-build | they build | they will build |
| 14 | וַ/אֲנִ֣י vaani H589 | and-I | and I | and I |
| 15 | אֶהֱר֑וֹס eheros H2040 | will-tear-down | I will tear down | I will demolish |
| 16 | וְ/קָרְא֤וּ veqareu H7121 | and-they-will-call | and they called | and they will call |
| 17 | לָ/הֶם֙ lahem | to-them | — | to them |
| 18 | גְּב֣וּל gevul H1366 | border | boundary of | boundary of |
| 19 | רִשְׁעָ֔ה risheah H7564 | of-wickedness | wickedness | wickedness |
| 20 | וְ/הָ/עָ֛ם vehaam H5971 | and-the-people | and the gathered people | and the people |
| 21 | אֲשֶׁר asher H834 | whom | that-which | whom |
| 22 | זָעַ֥ם zaam H2194 | he-is-angry | he raged in condemnation | he raged in condemnation |
| 23 | יְהוָ֖ה yehvah-2 H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 24 | עַד ad H5704 | against | up to | until |
| 25 | עוֹלָֽם olam H5769 | forever | hidden age | forever |
Malachi 1:5
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ/עֵינֵי/כֶ֖ם veeyneykhem H5869 | your eyes | your eyes | your eyes |
| 2 | תִּרְאֶ֑ינָה tireeynah H7200 | shall see | they will see | they will see |
| 3 | וְ/אַתֶּ֤ם veatem H859 | and you | and you men | and you men |
| 4 | תֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ tomeru H559 | shall say | you say | you shall say |
| 5 | יִגְדַּ֣ל yigedal H1431 | will be magnified | he will grow great | he will grow great |
| 6 | יְהוָ֔ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 7 | מֵ/עַ֖ל meal H5921 | beyond | from upon | beyond |
| 8 | לִ/גְב֥וּל ligevul H1366 | the border | to boundary of | the border |
| 9 | יִשְׂרָאֵֽל yiserael H3478 | of Israel | El-Contends | Yiserael |
Malachi 1:6
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | בֵּ֛ן ben H1121 | son | son | son |
| 2 | יְכַבֵּ֥ד yekhabed H3513 | honors | he will make weighty | he will honor |
| 3 | אָ֖ב av H1 | father | father of | father |
| 4 | וְ/עֶ֣בֶד veeved H5650 | and-servant | and servant | and servant |
| 5 | אֲדֹנָ֑י/ו adonayv H113 | his-master | his lords | his Sovereign Lord |
| 6 | וְ/אִם veim H518 | and-if | and if | and if |
| 7 | אָ֣ב av-2 H1 | father | father of | father |
| 8 | אָ֣נִי ani H589 | I | I | I |
| 9 | אַיֵּ֣ה ayeh H346 | where | where? | where |
| 10 | כְבוֹדִ֡/י khevodi H3519 | my-honor | my weightiness | my glory |
| 11 | וְ/אִם veim-2 H518 | and-if | and if | and if |
| 12 | אֲדוֹנִ֣ים adonim H113 | masters | lords | lords |
| 13 | אָנִי֩ ani-2 H589 | I | I | I |
| 14 | אַיֵּ֨ה ayeh-2 H346 | where | where? | where |
| 15 | מוֹרָאִ֜/י morai H4172 | my-fear | my fear | my fear |
| 16 | אָמַ֣ר amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 17 | יְהוָ֣ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 18 | צְבָא֗וֹת tsevaot H6635 | of-hosts | organized hosts | organized hosts |
| 19 | לָ/כֶם֙ lakhem | to-you | — | to you |
| 20 | הַ/כֹּֽהֲנִים֙ hakohanim H3548 | the-priests | the officiating-priests | the officiating-priests |
| 21 | בּוֹזֵ֣י bozey H959 | despisers-of | despisers of | despisers of |
| 22 | שְׁמִ֔/י shemi H8034 | my-name | my name | my name |
| 23 | וַ/אֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם vaamaretem H559 | and-you-say | and you said | and you say |
| 24 | בַּ/מֶּ֥ה bameh H4100 | in-what | in what? | in what |
| 25 | בָזִ֖ינוּ vazinu H959 | we-despised | we treated as worthless | we despised |
| 26 | אֶת et H853 | [direct-object-marker] | object-marker | [·] |
| 27 | שְׁמֶֽ/ךָ shemekha H8034 | your-name | your name | your name |
Malachi 1:7
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מַגִּישִׁ֤ים magishim H5066 | presenting | those bringing near | those causing to approach |
| 2 | עַֽל al H5921 | upon | upon | upon |
| 3 | מִזְבְּחִ/י֙ mizebechi H4196 | My altar | my sacrifice-altar | my altar |
| 4 | לֶ֣חֶם lechem H3899 | food | bread | bread |
| 5 | מְגֹאָ֔ל megoal H1351 | defiled | defiled one | defiled one |
| 6 | וַ/אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם vaamaretem H559 | and you say | and you said | and you said |
| 7 | בַּ/מֶּ֣ה bameh H4100 | In what | in what? | in what |
| 8 | גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּ/ךָ gealenukha H1351 | have we defiled You | we have defiled you | we have defiled you |
| 9 | בֶּ/אֱמָרְ/כֶ֕ם beemarekhem H559 | in that you say | in your saying | in your (pl.) saying |
| 10 | שֻׁלְחַ֥ן shulechan H7979 | table | extended table-surface | extended table-surface |
| 11 | יְהוָ֖ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 12 | נִבְזֶ֥ה nivezeh H959 | is despised | despised one | despised one |
| 13 | הֽוּא hu H1931 | it | he | it |
Malachi 1:8
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ/כִֽי vekhi H3588 | And if | and because | and if |
| 2 | תַגִּשׁ֨וּ/ן tagishun H5066 | you offer | you bring near | you bring near |
| 3 | עִוֵּ֤ר iver H5787 | blind | blind man | blind man |
| 4 | לִ/זְבֹּ֨חַ֙ lizebocha H2076 | for sacrifice | to slaughter for sacrifice | to sacrifice |
| 5 | אֵ֣ין eyn H369 | not | there is not | there is not |
| 6 | רָ֔ע ra H7451 | evil | bad | bad |
| 7 | וְ/כִ֥י vekhi-2 H3588 | And if | and because | and if |
| 8 | תַגִּ֛ישׁוּ tagishu H5066 | you offer | you bring near | you bring near |
| 9 | פִּסֵּ֥חַ pisecha H6455 | lame | limping man | limping man |
| 10 | וְ/חֹלֶ֖ה vecholeh H2470 | and sick | one who is sick | one who is sick |
| 11 | אֵ֣ין eyn-2 H369 | not | there is not | there is not |
| 12 | רָ֑ע ra-2 H7451 | evil | bad | bad |
| 13 | הַקְרִיבֵ֨/הוּ haqerivehu H7126 | offer it | bring him near | bring him near |
| 14 | נָ֜א na H4994 | please | please | please |
| 15 | לְ/פֶחָתֶ֗/ךָ lefechatekha H6346 | to your governor | to your provincial governor | to your provincial governor |
| 16 | הֲ/יִּרְצְ/ךָ֙ hayiretsekha H7521 | will he accept you | will he accept you | will he accept you |
| 17 | א֚וֹ o H176 | or | or | or |
| 18 | הֲ/יִשָּׂ֣א hayisa H5375 | will he accept | Will he lift up | Will he lift up |
| 19 | פָנֶ֔י/ךָ faneykha H6440 | your person | your face | your face |
| 20 | אָמַ֖ר amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 21 | יְהוָ֥ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 22 | צְבָאֽוֹת tsevaot H6635 | of Hosts | organized hosts | organized hosts |
Malachi 1:9
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ/עַתָּ֛ה veatah H6258 | And now | and now | and now |
| 2 | חַלּוּ chalu H2470 | entreat | they became weak | entreat |
| 3 | נָ֥א na H4994 | please | please | please |
| 4 | פְנֵי feney H6440 | the face of | faces of | befores of |
| 5 | אֵ֖ל el H410 | God | toward | God |
| 6 | וִֽ/יחָנֵ֑/נוּ vichanenu H2603 | that he may be gracious to us | and may he show us favor | and may he show us favor |
| 7 | מִ/יֶּדְ/כֶם֙ miyedekhem H3027 | from your hand | from your (mp) hand | from your (mp) hand |
| 8 | הָ֣יְתָה hayetah H1961 | has been | she became | it was |
| 9 | זֹּ֔את zot H2063 | this | this one | this one |
| 10 | הֲ/יִשָּׂ֤א hayisa H5375 | will he lift up | Will he lift up | Will he lift up |
| 11 | מִ/כֶּם֙ mikem H4480 | any of you | from you (masculine plural) | from you |
| 12 | פָּנִ֔ים panim H6440 | faces | faces | befores |
| 13 | אָמַ֖ר amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 14 | יְהוָ֥ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 15 | צְבָאֽוֹת tsevaot H6635 | of Hosts | organized hosts | organized hosts |
Malachi 1:10
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מִ֤י mi H4310 | Who | who? | who? |
| 2 | גַם gam H1571 | even | also | also |
| 3 | בָּ/כֶם֙ bakhem | among you | — | among you |
| 4 | וְ/יִסְגֹּ֣ר veyisegor H5462 | would shut | and may he shut | and may he shut |
| 5 | דְּלָתַ֔יִם delatayim H1817 | the doors | two hanging door-panels | two hanging door-panels |
| 6 | וְ/לֹֽא velo H3808 | that not | and not | and not |
| 7 | תָאִ֥ירוּ tairu H215 | you kindle | you will make shine | you kindle |
| 8 | מִזְבְּחִ֖/י mizebechi H4196 | my altar | my sacrifice-altar | my altar |
| 9 | חִנָּ֑ם chinam H2600 | in vain | gratuitously | in vain |
| 10 | אֵֽין eyn H369 | there is not | there is not | there is not |
| 11 | לִ֨/י li | to me | — | to me |
| 12 | חֵ֜פֶץ chefets H2656 | pleasure | delight-desire | delight-desire |
| 13 | בָּ/כֶ֗ם bakhem-2 | in you | — | in you |
| 14 | אָמַר֙ amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 15 | יְהוָ֣ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 16 | צְבָא֔וֹת tsevaot H6635 | of Hosts | organized hosts | organized hosts |
| 17 | וּ/מִנְחָ֖ה uminechah H4503 | and offering | apportioned offering | and apportioned offering |
| 18 | לֹֽא lo H3808 | not | not | not |
| 19 | אֶרְצֶ֥ה eretseh H7521 | I accept | I will be pleased | I will accept |
| 20 | מִ/יֶּדְ/כֶֽם miyedekhem H3027 | from your hand | from your (mp) hand | from your (mp) hand |
Malachi 1:11
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּ֣י ki H3588 | For | for/because | for/because |
| 2 | מִ/מִּזְרַח mimizerach H4217 | from the rising | from the sunrise-place | from the east |
| 3 | שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ shemesh H8121 | of the sun | sun | sun |
| 4 | וְ/עַד vead H5704 | even to | and up to | and up to |
| 5 | מְבוֹא֗/וֹ mevoo H3996 | its setting | his entrance | its setting-place |
| 6 | גָּד֤וֹל gadol H1419 | great | great | great |
| 7 | שְׁמִ/י֙ shemi H8034 | is my name | my name | my name |
| 8 | בַּ/גּוֹיִ֔ם bagoyim H1471 | among the nations | in the people-groups | among the people-groups |
| 9 | וּ/בְ/כָל uvekhal H3605 | and in every | and in all of | and in all of |
| 10 | מָק֗וֹם maqom H4725 | place | standing-place | place |
| 11 | מֻקְטָ֥ר muqetar H6999 | incense | made-to-smoke one | smoked offering |
| 12 | מֻגָּ֛שׁ mugash H5066 | is offered | one brought near | offering brought near |
| 13 | לִ/שְׁמִ֖/י lishemi H8034 | to my name | for my name | for my name |
| 14 | וּ/מִנְחָ֣ה uminechah H4503 | and a grain offering | apportioned offering | and apportioned offering |
| 15 | טְהוֹרָ֑ה tehorah H2889 | pure | pure | pure |
| 16 | כִּֽי ki-2 H3588 | for | for/because | for/because |
| 17 | גָד֤וֹל gadol-2 H1419 | great | great | great |
| 18 | שְׁמִ/י֙ shemi-2 H8034 | is my name | my name | my name |
| 19 | בַּ/גּוֹיִ֔ם bagoyim-2 H1471 | among the nations | in the people-groups | among the people-groups |
| 20 | אָמַ֖ר amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 21 | יְהוָ֥ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 22 | צְבָאֽוֹת tsevaot H6635 | of Hosts | organized hosts | organized hosts |
Malachi 1:12
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ/אַתֶּ֖ם veatem H859 | But you | and you men | and you men |
| 2 | מְחַלְּלִ֣ים mechalelim H2490 | are profaning | those who desecrate | those who profane |
| 3 | אוֹת֑/וֹ oto H853 | it | him | [·] |
| 4 | בֶּ/אֱמָרְ/כֶ֗ם beemarekhem H559 | by saying | in your saying | in your (pl.) saying |
| 5 | שֻׁלְחַ֤ן shulechan H7979 | table | extended table-surface | extended table-surface |
| 6 | אֲדֹנָ/י֙ adonay H136 | of Lord | my Sovereign Lord | my Sovereign Lord |
| 7 | מְגֹאָ֣ל megoal H1351 | defiled | defiled one | defiled |
| 8 | ה֔וּא hu H1931 | it | he | it |
| 9 | וְ/נִיב֖/וֹ venivo H5108 | and its fruit | and his produce | and its produce |
| 10 | נִבְזֶ֥ה nivezeh H959 | despised | despised one | despised |
| 11 | אָכְלֽ/וֹ akhelo H400 | its food | his food | his food |
Malachi 1:13
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ/אֲמַרְתֶּם֩ vaamaretem H559 | and you say | and you said | and you say |
| 2 | הִנֵּ֨ה hineh H2009 | behold | Look! | look |
| 3 | מַ/תְּלָאָ֜ה matelaah H4972 | weariness | what a weariness! | what a weariness |
| 4 | וְ/הִפַּחְתֶּ֣ם vehipachetem H5301 | and you sniff at | and you caused to blow | and you sniff at |
| 5 | אוֹת֗/וֹ oto H853 | it | him | [·] |
| 6 | אָמַר֙ amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 7 | יְהוָ֣ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 8 | צְבָא֔וֹת tsevaot H6635 | of hosts | organized hosts | organized hosts |
| 9 | וַ/הֲבֵאתֶ֣ם vahavetem H935 | and you bring | and you caused to enter | and you bring |
| 10 | גָּז֗וּל gazul H1497 | stolen | robbed one | stolen |
| 11 | וְ/אֶת veet H853 | and | and object-marker | [·] |
| 12 | הַ/פִּסֵּ֨חַ֙ hapisecha H6455 | the lame | the limping one | the lame |
| 13 | וְ/אֶת veet-2 H853 | and | and object-marker | [·] |
| 14 | הַ֣/חוֹלֶ֔ה hacholeh H2470 | the sick | the sick one | the sick |
| 15 | וַ/הֲבֵאתֶ֖ם vahavetem-2 H935 | and you bring | and you caused to enter | and you bring |
| 16 | אֶת et H853 | [direct object marker] | object-marker | [·] |
| 17 | הַ/מִּנְחָ֑ה haminechah H4503 | the offering | the apportioned offering | the apportioned offering |
| 18 | הַ/אֶרְצֶ֥ה haeretseh H7521 | should I accept | will I be pleased | should I accept |
| 19 | אוֹתָ֛/הּ otah H853 | it | her | [·] |
| 20 | מִ/יֶּדְ/כֶ֖ם miyedekhem H3027 | from your hand | from your (mp) hand | from your (mp) hand |
| 21 | אָמַ֥ר amar-2 H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 22 | יְהוָֽה yehvah-2 H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
Malachi 1:14
| # | Word | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ/אָר֣וּר vearur H779 | and-cursed | and cursed one | and cursed one |
| 2 | נוֹכֵ֗ל nokhel H5230 | deceiver | we will scheme treacherously | deceiver |
| 3 | וְ/יֵ֤שׁ veyesh H3426 | and-there-is | and there is | and there is |
| 4 | בְּ/עֶדְר/וֹ֙ beedero H5739 | in-his-flock | in his organized herd | in his flock |
| 5 | זָכָ֔ר zakhar H2145 | male | male | male |
| 6 | וְ/נֹדֵ֛ר venoder H5087 | and-vows | and one who vows | and one who vows |
| 7 | וְ/זֹבֵ֥חַ vezovecha H2076 | and-sacrifices | and one who slaughters | and one who sacrifices |
| 8 | מָשְׁחָ֖ת mashechat H7843 | blemished | one caused to be ruined | blemished |
| 9 | לַֽ/אדֹנָ֑/י ladonay H136 | to-Lord | to my Sovereign Lord | to my Sovereign Lord |
| 10 | כִּי֩ ki H3588 | for | for/because | for |
| 11 | מֶ֨לֶךְ melekhe H4428 | king | king of | king of |
| 12 | גָּד֜וֹל gadol H1419 | great | great | great |
| 13 | אָ֗נִי ani H589 | I | I | I |
| 14 | אָמַר֙ amar H559 | says | he said | he said |
| 15 | יְהוָ֣ה yehvah H3068 | the LORD | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 16 | צְבָא֔וֹת tsevaot H6635 | of-hosts | organized hosts | organized hosts |
| 17 | וּ/שְׁמִ֖/י ushemi H8034 | and-name-my | and my name | and my name |
| 18 | נוֹרָ֥א nora H3372 | fearful | one to be feared | one to be feared |
| 19 | בַ/גּוֹיִֽם vagoyim H1471 | among-nations | among the people-groups | among the nations |