אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר
𐤀𐤔𐤕𐤃𐤅𐤓
ʼeshtaddûwr
H849 noun
SILEX Entry
Definition
A collective or abstract noun denoting rebellion or sedition—the organized act of opposing constituted authority, especially in a political or governmental setting. Used in Aramaic contexts within the Hebrew Bible, it refers specifically to active resistance or organized opposition to imperial rulers.
Semantic Range
rebellion against authority, sedition, organized opposition to imperial/governmental rule, accusation of political insurrection
Root / Etymology
Derivative in Aramaic from the root שְׁדַר, which means 'to send' in Biblical Aramaic. The form אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר is a noun of action or quality, likely formed with an introductory Aleph (א) and the -וּר suffix, signifying an abstract verbal noun denoting a state or act related to the root's meaning. In this context, the derived sense is 'insurrection' or organized sending-forth, i.e., acting in rebellion. The root meaning ('to send') is distinct from the developed sense ('rebellion, sedition') attached to this derivative in Aramaic administrative and judicial language.
Historical & Contextual Notes
The term אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר appears in Aramaic sections of the Hebrew Bible (notably Ezra 4:15, 19), particularly in correspondence with Persian imperial authorities. It describes the accusation that Jerusalem or its inhabitants had engaged in 'rebellion' (likely against imperial rule). The term is precise to Aramaic, distinct from related Hebrew roots (e.g., מרד 'to rebel', פשע 'to transgress' or 'revolt'), and reflects a formal, quasi-legalistic charge rather than informal disobedience. Later English translations often render it 'rebellion' or 'sedition', which adequately capture the legal-political sense but may obscure technical administrative connotations. In post-exilic contexts, the word highlights imperial suspicion toward local autonomy. The English term 'sedition' sometimes carries later legal nuances not present in the Persian-era context.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
(Aramaic) from שְׁדַר (in a bad sense); rebellion; sedition.
Bantu Hebrew
No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been submitted for this word yet.
+ Add Bantu Hebrew WordRoot Family
שדר (š-d-r) — to send, to dispatch
Word Forms
1 distinct form
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H849-01 |
וְ/אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר֙ | veeshetadur | AC/Ncmsa |
and sedition | organized insurrection | 2 |
Occurrences in Scripture
2 total occurrences