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תַּחַת

𐤕𐤇𐤕

tachath

H8478 preposition

SILEX Entry

Root תחת to be beneath, to be under, to substitute, to exchange

Definition

(I) A preposition indicating position or location: under, beneath, below, at the foot of; (II) Used in a metaphorical or idiomatic sense to convey replacement, substitution, exchange, or equivalence: instead of, in place of, in exchange for, for (the sake of). The word functions both spatially (physically beneath something) and non-spatially (denoting substitution or equivalence in situations such as legal or ritual procedures).

Semantic Range

under, beneath, below, at the foot of, in place of, instead of, in exchange for, for (the sake of), as a substitution, in the position of, as a replacement

Root / Etymology

From the root תָּחַת (t-ḥ-t), which expresses the idea of being beneath or under. The precise verbal root is not actively attested in Biblical Hebrew but is inferred from noun and prepositional usage. Etymologically, it is related semantically to the spatial notion of being positioned below something else, and its derived prepositional sense was extended metaphorically to convey substitution or exchange.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the earliest strata of Biblical Hebrew (including the Torah and early narrative books), תַּחַת frequently denotes a literal physical position (e.g., Genesis 1:7; Exodus 17:12), specifying one thing being physically lower than or under another. In legal, ritual, and narrative contexts, particularly those concerning social roles, inheritance, or retaliation, תַּחַת takes on an idiomatic sense of exchange, substitution, or equivalence ('an eye for an eye'—עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן, Exodus 21:24). Later usage continues both senses, with the substitutional meaning remaining prominent in legal, genealogical, and succession contexts (e.g., 'he reigned in his father's place'). English 'instead of' often but not always captures the nuance, especially in legal/ritual contexts. The word does not connote inferiority or subservience; rather, it strictly pertains to physical or functional position/replacement. The Greek Septuagint regularly translates תַּחַת as ἀντί (for, instead of) or ὑπό (under), reflecting these distinct semantic domains. The English KJV and similar translations sometimes expand its semantic field beyond normal usage; context must always determine the specific nuance. Compare with לְ (toward), בְּ (in), עַל (upon), each with different prepositional force.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from the same as תּוֹחַ; the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.; as, beneath, [idiom] flat, in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead of, under, [idiom] unto, [idiom] when...was mine, whereas, (where-) fore, with.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

תחת (t-ḥ-t) — beneathness, under-position, substitution, exchange

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H8460 תְּחוֹת beneath
H8479 תַּחַת under him
H8480 תַּחַת in Tachath
H8481 תַּחְתּוֹן the bottommost
H8482 תַּחְתִּי in the lowest regions of

Word Forms

25 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H8478-06 תַּ֣חַת tachat HR under under; in place of 263
H8478-09 תַּחְתָּ֔י/ו tachetayv HR/Sp3ms in his place beneath him; in his place 97
H8478-03 מִ/תַּ֣חַת mitachat HR/R from under from beneath 48
H8478-22 וְ/תַ֣חַת vetachat HC/R and under and under 27
H8478-12 תַּחְתֶּ֜י/הָ tacheteyha HR/Sp3fs under it beneath her 16
H8478-07 תַּחְתָּ֑/ם tachetam HR/Sp3mp in their stead under them; in their place 11
H8478-15 תַּחְתֶּ֖י/ךָ tacheteykha HR/Sp2ms under you beneath you (ms) 9
H8478-08 תַּחְתָּ֑/י tachetay HR/Sp1cs under me beneath me 8
H8478-13 תַּחְתֵּי/הֶֽם tacheteyhem HR/Sp3mp in their place beneath them; in place of them 5
H8478-19 תחת/ו tchtv HR/Sp3ms in place of him under him 4

Occurrences in Scripture

511 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H8478-03 Genesis 1:7 מִ/תַּ֣חַת mitachat HR/R beneath from beneath
H8478-03 Genesis 1:9 מִ/תַּ֤חַת mitachat HR/R from under from beneath
H8478-10 Genesis 2:21 תַּחְתֶּֽ/נָּה tachetenah HR/Sp3fs in its place under her
H8478-06 Genesis 4:25 תַּ֣חַת tachat HR instead of under; in place of
H8478-03 Genesis 6:17 מִ/תַּ֖חַת mitachat HR/R from under from beneath
H8478-06 Genesis 7:19 תַּ֖חַת tachat HR under under; in place of
H8478-06 Genesis 16:9 תַּ֥חַת tachat HR under under; in place of
H8478-06 Genesis 18:4 תַּ֥חַת tachat HR under under; in place of
H8478-06 Genesis 18:8 תַּ֥חַת tachat HR under under; in place of
H8478-06 Genesis 21:15 תַּ֖חַת tachat HR under under; in place of
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