תּוֹתָח

𐤕𐤅𐤕𐤇

tôwthâch

H8455 noun

SILEX Entry

Root uncertain to strike, to smite (probable)

Definition

A weapon designed for striking—typically a club or mace; in context, generally refers to an implement used for bludgeoning rather than cutting or piercing. In poetic or military passages, can refer more generally to blunt force weapons. The word is rare and attested only in specific military inventories or descriptions.

Semantic Range

club, mace, bludgeoning weapon, possibly generic blunt weapon or staff used in military context

Root / Etymology

Root uncertain; traditionally connected to an unused root with the meaning 'to smite' or 'to strike,' but there are no other clear derivatives in Biblical Hebrew. The vocalization and form suggest a noun of instrument, likely denoting something used to cause impact.

Historical & Contextual Notes

תּוֹתָח appears only in 2 Kings 11:10 and 2 Chronicles 23:9, both in the context of listing weapons held by the priestly guard at the Jerusalem Temple during the enthronement of Joash. The term is paralleled with spears but is probably distinct from cutting or stabbing weapons, indicating a bludgeoning instrument. The Septuagint translates it as klibania ('firepans') in one instance, suggesting an interpretive difficulty or unfamiliarity, while the Vulgate renders it as 'scuta' ('shields'), indicating further ambiguity. Most English translations prefer 'clubs' (or sometimes 'shields' or 'darts'), but the consensus is that it refers to a bludgeoning weapon, distinct from javelins or arrows. This term should not be conflated with later or post-biblical meanings or with unrelated modern military terms. The limited attestation makes it difficult to discriminate developmental shifts over time.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from an unused root meaning to smite; a club; darts.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

תתח (uncertain) (t-t-ḥ (uncertain)) — to strike, to smite

Word Forms

1 distinct form

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H8455-01 תוֹתָ֑ח totach HNcmsa a threshing sledge bludgeoning club 1

Occurrences in Scripture

1 total occurrence

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H8455-01 Job 41:21 תוֹתָ֑ח totach HNcmsa a threshing sledge bludgeoning club