תִּגְרָה
𐤕𐤂𐤓𐤄
tigrâh
H8409 noun
SILEX Entry
Definition
A contention or quarrel, especially legal or formal strife; often denotes a dispute or lawsuit, as found in legal contexts involving a contest or opposition of claims. The term primarily refers to the act or state of entering into conflict with another, typically by verbal or legal confrontation, rather than physical violence.
Semantic Range
contention, legal dispute, lawsuit, formal quarrel, controversy, litigation, strife
Root / Etymology
From the root גָּרָה (garah), meaning 'to stir up, provoke, contend.' The noun תִּגְרָה derives from this root, conveying the result or instance of provocation or contention. While the root can broadly indicate various acts of provoking or contending, תִּגְרָה as a noun is specifically associated with the sense of legal or interpersonal confrontation.
Historical & Contextual Notes
תִּגְרָה appears chiefly in late biblical or post-exilic texts (such as Esther 4:7 and Daniel 6:5), typically in reference to disputes or legal contentions, sometimes parallel to Greek terms for accusation or lawsuit in the Aramaic portions of the Bible. In Middle and later Hebrew, the word further developed the sense of litigation or lawsuit, as seen in Rabbinic literature, sometimes being the standard word for a legal contest. It is distinct from words like רִיב (rîv), which more generally denote strife or dispute, and from מַדְוֵה (madveh), which pertains to physical blows. English translations may render תִּגְרָה as 'strife,' 'quarrel,' or (in legal settings) 'lawsuit,' but 'strife' may not capture its formal or legal nuance in certain contexts; the translation 'infliction' is rare and reflects more the effect than the process of the term's typical usage.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
from גָּרָה; strife, i.e. infliction; blow.
Bantu Hebrew
No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been submitted for this word yet.
+ Add Bantu Hebrew WordRoot Family
גרה (g-r-h) — stirring up, provoking, contending
Word Forms
1 distinct form
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H8409-01 |
מִ/תִּגְרַ֥ת | mitigerat | HR/Ncfsc |
from rebuke | from a legal contention | 1 |
Occurrences in Scripture
1 total occurrence
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H8409-01 |
Psalms 39:11 | מִ/תִּגְרַ֥ת | mitigerat | HR/Ncfsc |
from rebuke | from a legal contention |