שָׁדַד (H7703) — Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁדַד

𐤔𐤃𐤃

shâdad

H7703 verb

SILEX Entry

Root שׁדד to devastate, to destroy, to lay waste, to ravage, to plunder

Definition

To devastate, lay waste, plunder; to cause ruin or great destruction, often by violence. The verb denotes acts of violent despoiling, ruining property or settlements, or making areas uninhabitable through destruction. It can be used in both military contexts (enemies or invaders ravaging land or people) and in reference to general calamity or violence. In some contexts, it may also signify the act of oppressing, ravaging, or violently stripping away possessions, often as a result of conquest.

Semantic Range

to devastate, to destroy violently, to lay waste (typically land or settlements), to ravage, to plunder, to oppress or despoil, to bring to ruin

Root / Etymology

Root שׁ־ד־ד (שָׁדַד). The root meaning is 'to violently destroy or devastate.' The verb derives directly from this root and reflects intensive action, often involving violence or forceful deprivation. The actual lexical usage centers on the consequences of such violence—ruin, desolation, and loss by force.

Historical & Contextual Notes

Across the Hebrew Bible, שָׁדַד is primarily used to describe the actions of enemies, invaders, or oppressors who bring ruin to cities, lands, or peoples, often in the context of warfare or judgment. The word can be used of individual banditry or large-scale acts of devastation. In poetic and prophetic literature (e.g., Isaiah, Jeremiah), it frequently appears in descriptions of foreign nations laying waste to Israelite territory or, conversely, Israelite armies destroying enemy lands. The nuance may also include the suffering of individuals through violent dispossession. The derived noun forms (like שֹׁד, 'destruction, devastation') and participles (like שֹׁדֵד, 'destroyer, ravager') reinforce this violent aspect. English translations sometimes render the term too narrowly as 'rob' or 'spoil',' but the word encompasses wider senses of destruction and calamity. The concept is similar but distinct from roots like בזז (to plunder, H962), which focuses more directly on looting or seizure of goods, whereas שָׁדַד places stronger emphasis on the resulting devastation or ruin. During the exilic and post-exilic periods, the term retains its forceful and negative connotations, and it is not used to describe formalized expropriation or legal confiscation, but rather violent deprivation.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage; dead, destroy(-er), oppress, robber, spoil(-er), [idiom] utterly, (lay) waste.

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Root Family

שׁדד (š-d-d) — to devastate, to lay waste, to ravage, to plunder, to bring to ruin

Word Forms

29 distinct forms

SIDANCE	Surface	Transliteration	Morphology	Common	SIBI-P1	Occurrences
`H7703-12`	שׁוֹדֵ֑ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	destroyer	the devastator	13
`H7703-15`	שֻׁדַּ֨ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	is destroyed	was violently devastated	11
`H7703-19`	שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה	shudedah	`HVPp3fs`	is destroyed	she was devastated	3
`H7703-10`	שָׁדֽוּד	shadud	`HVqsmsa`	destroyed	devastated one	3
`H7703-14`	שֹֽׁדְדִ֔ים	shodedim	`HVqrmpa`	destroyers	devastating ones	2
`H7703-24`	וְ/שָׁדְד֖וּ	veshadedu	`HC/Vqv2mp`	and plunder	and devastate!	2
`H7703-17`	שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ	shudadenu	`HVPp1cp`	we are ruined	we were devastated	2
`H7703-22`	תּוּשַּׁ֔ד	tushad	`HVQi2ms`	you will be destroyed	you will be devastated	1
`H7703-16`	שֻׁדָּ֔דָה	shudadah	`HVPp3fs`	it is devastated	she was violently ravaged	1
`H7703-01`	הַ/שְּׁד֫וּדָ֥ה	hashedudah	`HTd/Vqsfsa`	you devastated one	the devastated one	1
`H7703-09`	שָׁד֣וֹד	shadod	`HVqa`	We are utterly	to devastate	1
`H7703-28`	יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד	yeshoded	`HVmi3ms`	will destroy	he will lay waste	1
`H7703-18`	שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ	shudadu	`HVPp3cp`	have been destroyed	they were ravaged	1
`H7703-13`	שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי	shodedey	`HVqrmpc`	robbers	devastators of	1
`H7703-21`	תְּשַׁדֵּ֥ד	teshaded	`HVpj2ms`	destroy	may you devastate	1
`H7703-05`	לִ/שְׁד֣וֹד	lishedod	`HR/Vqc`	to destroy	to devastate	1
`H7703-07`	נְשַׁדֻּ֔נוּ	neshadunu	`HVNp1cp`	ruined	we have been devastated	1
`H7703-06`	מְֽשַׁדֶּד	meshaded	`HVprmsc`	mistreats his father	devastating one of	1
`H7703-27`	יְשָׁדֵּֽ/ם	yeshadem	`HVqi3ms/Sp3mp`	will-destroy-them	he will devastate them	1
`H7703-29`	יוּשַּׁ֔ד	yushad	`HVQi3ms`	shall be destroyed	he will be laid waste	1
`H7703-25`	ו/שד/ם	vshdm	`HC/Ncmsc/Sp3mp`	and-destruction-of-them	and their devastation	1
`H7703-08`	שָׁדְּדָ֣ה	shadedah	`HVPp3fs`	devastated	was violently devastated	1
`H7703-23`	וְ/הַ/שּׁוֹדֵ֣ד	vehashoded	`HC/Td/Vqrmsa`	and the destroyer	and the devastator	1
`H7703-11`	שַׁדּ֑וּ/נִי	shaduni	`HVqp3cp/Sp1cs`	despoil me	they devastated me	1
`H7703-20`	שֻׁדְּד֣וּ	shudedu	`HVPp3cp`	are devastated	they were violently devastated	1
`H7703-03`	הַ/שּׁוֹדְדִ֖ים	hashodedim	`HTd/Vqrmpa`	the destroyers	the devastators	1
`H7703-04`	לְ/שֹׁ֥דְדִ֗ים	leshodedim	`HR/Vqrmpa`	of robbers	to ravagers	1
`H7703-02`	הַ/שֹּׁדֵ֖ד	hashoded	`HTd/Vqrmsa`	the destroyer	the devastator	1
`H7703-26`	יְשָׁדְדֵ֔/ם	yeshadedem	`HVqi3ms/Sp3mp`	will ravage them	he will devastate them	1

Occurrences in Scripture

58 total occurrences

SIDANCE	Reference	Word	Transliteration	Morphology	Common	SIBI-P1
`H7703-10`	Judges 5:27	שָׁדֽוּד	shadud	`HVqsmsa`	destroyed	devastated one
`H7703-15`	Isaiah 15:1	שֻׁדַּ֨ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	was laid waste	was violently devastated
`H7703-15`	Isaiah 15:1	שֻׁדַּ֥ד	shudad-2	`HVPp3ms`	was laid waste	was violently devastated
`H7703-12`	Isaiah 16:4	שׁוֹדֵ֑ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	destroyer	the devastator
`H7703-23`	Isaiah 21:2	וְ/הַ/שּׁוֹדֵ֣ד	vehashoded	`HC/Td/Vqrmsa`	and the destroyer	and the devastator
`H7703-12`	Isaiah 21:2	שׁוֹדֵ֔ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	destroys	the devastator
`H7703-15`	Isaiah 23:1	שֻׁדַּ֤ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	it is laid waste	was violently devastated
`H7703-15`	Isaiah 23:14	שֻׁדַּ֖ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	is laid waste	was violently devastated
`H7703-12`	Isaiah 33:1	שׁוֹדֵ֗ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	O destroyer	the devastator
`H7703-10`	Isaiah 33:1	שָׁד֔וּד	shadud	`HVqsmsa`	destroyed	devastated one
`H7703-12`	Isaiah 33:1	שׁוֹדֵד֙	shoded-2	`HVqrmsa`	destroying	the devastator
`H7703-22`	Isaiah 33:1	תּוּשַּׁ֔ד	tushad	`HVQi2ms`	you will be destroyed	you will be devastated
`H7703-17`	Jeremiah 4:13	שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ	shudadenu	`HVPp1cp`	we are ruined	we were devastated
`H7703-19`	Jeremiah 4:20	שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה	shudedah	`HVPp3fs`	is devastated	she was devastated
`H7703-20`	Jeremiah 4:20	שֻׁדְּד֣וּ	shudedu	`HVPp3cp`	are devastated	they were violently devastated
`H7703-10`	Jeremiah 4:30	שָׁד֜וּד	shadud	`HVqsmsa`	O despoiled-one	devastated one
`H7703-26`	Jeremiah 5:6	יְשָׁדְדֵ֔/ם	yeshadedem	`HVqi3ms/Sp3mp`	will ravage them	he will devastate them
`H7703-02`	Jeremiah 6:26	הַ/שֹּׁדֵ֖ד	hashoded	`HTd/Vqrmsa`	the destroyer	the devastator
`H7703-17`	Jeremiah 9:18	שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ	shudadenu	`HVPp1cp`	we are ruined	we were devastated
`H7703-15`	Jeremiah 10:20	שֻׁדָּ֔ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	is destroyed	was violently devastated
`H7703-14`	Jeremiah 12:12	שֹֽׁדְדִ֔ים	shodedim	`HVqrmpa`	destroyers	devastating ones
`H7703-12`	Jeremiah 15:8	שֹׁדֵ֣ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	a destroyer	the devastator
`H7703-12`	Jeremiah 25:36	שֹׁדֵ֥ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	is destroying	the devastator
`H7703-05`	Jeremiah 47:4	לִ/שְׁד֣וֹד	lishedod	`HR/Vqc`	to destroy	to devastate
`H7703-12`	Jeremiah 47:4	שֹׁדֵ֤ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	is destroying	the devastator
`H7703-16`	Jeremiah 48:1	שֻׁדָּ֔דָה	shudadah	`HVPp3fs`	it is devastated	she was violently ravaged
`H7703-12`	Jeremiah 48:8	שֹׁדֵ֜ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	destroyer	the devastator
`H7703-15`	Jeremiah 48:15	שֻׁדַּ֤ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	is destroyed	was violently devastated
`H7703-12`	Jeremiah 48:18	שֹׁדֵ֤ד	shoded	`HVqrmsc`	destroyer	the devastator
`H7703-15`	Jeremiah 48:20	שֻׁדַּ֖ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	is destroyed	was violently devastated
`H7703-12`	Jeremiah 48:32	שֹׁדֵ֥ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	the spoiler	the devastator
`H7703-19`	Jeremiah 49:3	שֻׁדְּדָה	shudedah	`HVPp3fs`	it-is-destroyed	she was devastated
`H7703-15`	Jeremiah 49:10	שֻׁדַּ֥ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	is destroyed	was violently devastated
`H7703-24`	Jeremiah 49:28	וְ/שָׁדְד֖וּ	veshadedu	`HC/Vqv2mp`	and plunder	and devastate!
`H7703-03`	Jeremiah 51:48	הַ/שּׁוֹדְדִ֖ים	hashodedim	`HTd/Vqrmpa`	the destroyers	the devastators
`H7703-14`	Jeremiah 51:53	שֹׁדְדִ֛ים	shodedim	`HVqrmpa`	destroyers	devastating ones
`H7703-12`	Jeremiah 51:55	שֹׁדֵ֤ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	is destroying	the devastator
`H7703-12`	Jeremiah 51:56	שׁוֹדֵ֔ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	destroyer	the devastator
`H7703-24`	Ezekiel 32:12	וְ/שָֽׁדְדוּ֙	veshadedu	`HC/Vqq3cp`	and they will spoil	and devastate!
`H7703-28`	Hosea 10:2	יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד	yeshoded	`HVmi3ms`	will destroy	he will lay waste
`H7703-29`	Hosea 10:14	יוּשַּׁ֔ד	yushad	`HVQi3ms`	shall be destroyed	he will be laid waste
`H7703-15`	Joel 1:10	שֻׁדַּ֣ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	is wasted	was violently devastated
`H7703-15`	Joel 1:10	שֻׁדַּ֣ד	shudad-2	`HVPp3ms`	is ruined	was violently devastated
`H7703-13`	Obadiah 1:5	שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי	shodedey	`HVqrmpc`	robbers	devastators of
`H7703-09`	Micah 2:4	שָׁד֣וֹד	shadod	`HVqa`	We are utterly	to devastate
`H7703-07`	Micah 2:4	נְשַׁדֻּ֔נוּ	neshadunu	`HVNp1cp`	ruined	we have been devastated
`H7703-08`	Nahum 3:7	שָׁדְּדָ֣ה	shadedah	`HVPp3fs`	devastated	was violently devastated
`H7703-18`	Zechariah 11:2	שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ	shudadu	`HVPp3cp`	have been destroyed	they were ravaged
`H7703-19`	Zechariah 11:3	שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה	shudedah	`HVPp3fs`	is destroyed	she was devastated
`H7703-15`	Zechariah 11:3	שֻׁדַּ֖ד	shudad	`HVPp3ms`	is destroyed	was violently devastated
`H7703-11`	Psalms 17:9	שַׁדּ֑וּ/נִי	shaduni	`HVqp3cp/Sp1cs`	despoil me	they devastated me
`H7703-01`	Psalms 137:8	הַ/שְּׁד֫וּדָ֥ה	hashedudah	`HTd/Vqsfsa`	you devastated one	the devastated one
`H7703-25`	Proverbs 11:3	ו/שד/ם	vshdm	`HC/Ncmsc/Sp3mp`	and-destruction-of-them	and their devastation
`H7703-27`	Proverbs 11:3	יְשָׁדֵּֽ/ם	yeshadem	`HVqi3ms/Sp3mp`	will-destroy-them	he will devastate them
`H7703-06`	Proverbs 19:26	מְֽשַׁדֶּד	meshaded	`HVprmsc`	mistreats his father	devastating one of
`H7703-21`	Proverbs 24:15	תְּשַׁדֵּ֥ד	teshaded	`HVpj2ms`	destroy	may you devastate
`H7703-04`	Job 12:6	לְ/שֹׁ֥דְדִ֗ים	leshodedim	`HR/Vqrmpa`	of robbers	to ravagers
`H7703-12`	Job 15:21	שׁוֹדֵ֥ד	shoded	`HVqrmsa`	destroyer	the devastator

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