שֹׁד (H7701) — Hebrew Lexicon

שֹׁד

𐤔𐤃

shôd

H7701 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

A state or act of devastation, violent destruction, or ruin caused by hostile forces; also refers to violent oppression or plundering—especially the aftermath or continued state following such actions. In various contexts, שֹׁד emphasizes the devastation or loss that results from predatory human violence, often associated with military incursion or social oppression.

Semantic Range

violence, devastation, ruin, destruction; plundering, oppression, spoiling, the act of being ravaged or laid waste, the condition resulting from violent action

Root / Etymology

Derived from the root שׁוּד (to act violently, devastate, lay waste), the noun שֹׁד builds upon the root's sense of aggressive destruction to denote both the event and the resulting state of violence, devastation, or plunder.

Historical & Contextual Notes

The term שֹׁד appears across several strata of biblical literature, from prophetic writings (Isaiah 59:7, Jeremiah 6:7, Hosea 7:13) to wisdom literature (Job). Initially, its primary use relates to violent devastation in the context of war or invasions, describing what happens when an enemy devastates the land or a city. In later prophetic contexts, it can extend to social and ethical denunciations of internal violence, oppression, or systemic plundering by elites (cf. Amos 3:10). Thus, the term does not only denote the physical act of destruction but also societal injustice. English translations often render it as 'violence,' 'destruction,' or 'devastation,' but sometimes fail to capture its full weight as both the act of predatory violence and its enduring consequences. Related terms include חָמָס (ḥāmās, general violence/injustice) and שָׁדַד (shādad, to devastate/pillage). In Job 5:21, an alternate pointed form שׁוֹד is found, but the sense remains consistent.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

or שׁוֹד; (Job 5:21), from שׁוּד; violence, ravage; desolation, destruction, oppression, robbery, spoil(-ed, -er, -ing), wasting.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

שׁוּד (shûwd) — to deal violently, to devastate, to lay waste

Root שׁוּד to act violently, devastate, lay waste

Strong's	Lemma	SIBI-P1
H7700	שֵׁד	to the devastating spirits
H7736	שׁוּד	he will devastate

Word Forms

8 distinct forms

SIDANCE	Surface	Transliteration	Morphology	Common	SIBI-P1	SIBI-P2	Occurrences
`H7701-05`	שֹׁ֖ד	shod	`HNcmsa`	destruction	violent devastation	violent devastation	9
`H7701-07`	וָ/שֹׁ֖ד	vashod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and-destruction	and violent devastation	and violent devastation	5
`H7701-04`	מִ/שֹּׁ֔ד	mishod	`HR/Ncmsa`	from destruction	from violent devastation	from violent devastation	3
`H7701-08`	וְ/שֹׁ֖ד	veshod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and destruction	and devastation-of	and devastation	3
`H7701-02`	כְּ/שֹׁ֧ד	keshod	`HR/Ncmsc`	like destruction	like devastation	like devastation	2
`H7701-01`	הַ/שֹּׁ֧ד	hashod	`HTd/Ncmsa`	the desolation	the violent devastation	the violent devastation	1
`H7701-03`	לְ/שֹׁ֣ד	leshod	`HR/Ncmsa`	at destruction	to devastation	to devastation	1
`H7701-06`	וּ/כְ/שֹׁ֖ד	ukheshod	`HC/R/Ncmsa`	and as destruction	and like violent devastation	and like violent devastation	1

Occurrences in Scripture

25 occurrences

SIDANCE	Reference	Word	Transliteration	Morphology	Common	SIBI-P1	SIBI-P2
`H7701-02`	Isaiah 13:6	כְּ/שֹׁ֖ד	keshod	`HR/Ncmsa`	like destruction	like devastation	like devastation
`H7701-05`	Isaiah 16:4	שֹׁ֔ד	shod	`HNcmsa`	destruction	violent devastation	destruction
`H7701-05`	Isaiah 22:4	שֹׁ֖ד	shod	`HNcmsc`	the destruction	violent devastation	the destruction
`H7701-01`	Isaiah 51:19	הַ/שֹּׁ֧ד	hashod	`HTd/Ncmsa`	the desolation	the violent devastation	the violent devastation
`H7701-05`	Isaiah 59:7	שֹׁ֥ד	shod	`HNcmsa`	desolation	violent devastation	violent devastation
`H7701-05`	Isaiah 60:18	שֹׁ֥ד	shod	`HNcmsa`	ruin	violent devastation	violent devastation
`H7701-07`	Jeremiah 6:7	וָ֠/שֹׁד	vashod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and-destruction	and violent devastation	and violent devastation
`H7701-07`	Jeremiah 20:8	וָ/שֹׁ֖ד	vashod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and destruction	and violent devastation	and violent devastation
`H7701-05`	Jeremiah 48:3	שֹׁ֖ד	shod	`HNcmsa`	devastation	violent devastation	violent devastation
`H7701-07`	Ezekiel 45:9	וָ/שֹׁד֙	vashod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and-oppression	and violent devastation	and oppression
`H7701-05`	Hosea 7:13	שֹׁ֥ד	shod	`HNcmsa`	Destruction	violent devastation	violent devastation
`H7701-04`	Hosea 9:6	מִ/שֹּׁ֔ד	mishod	`HR/Ncmsa`	from destruction	from violent devastation	from violent devastation
`H7701-02`	Hosea 10:14	כְּ/שֹׁ֧ד	keshod	`HR/Ncmsc`	like destruction	like devastation	like devastation
`H7701-07`	Hosea 12:2	וָ/שֹׁ֖ד	vashod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and-violence	and violent devastation	and violent devastation
`H7701-06`	Joel 1:15	וּ/כְ/שֹׁ֖ד	ukheshod	`HC/R/Ncmsa`	and as destruction	and like violent devastation	and like violent devastation
`H7701-07`	Amos 3:10	וָ/שֹׁ֖ד	vashod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and-destruction	and violent devastation	and devastation
`H7701-05`	Amos 5:9	שֹׁ֖ד	shod	`HNcmsa`	destruction	violent devastation	devastation
`H7701-08`	Amos 5:9	וְ/שֹׁ֖ד	veshod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and destruction	and devastation-of	and devastation
`H7701-08`	Habakkuk 1:3	וְ/שֹׁ֥ד	veshod	`HC/Ncmsa`	and destruction	and devastation-of	and devastation
`H7701-08`	Habakkuk 2:17	וְ/שֹׁ֥ד	veshod	`HC/Ncmsc`	and destruction	and devastation-of	and devastation of
`H7701-04`	Psalms 12:6	מִ/שֹּׁ֥ד	mishod	`HR/Ncmsc`	because of the plundering	from violent devastation	from violent devastation
`H7701-05`	Proverbs 21:7	שֹׁד	shod	`HNcmsc`	violence	violent devastation	violent devastation
`H7701-05`	Proverbs 24:2	שֹׁ֭ד	shod	`HNcmsa`	violence	violent devastation	violent devastation
`H7701-04`	Job 5:21	מִ֝/שֹּׁ֗ד	mishod	`HR/Ncmsa`	from destruction	from violent devastation	from destruction
`H7701-03`	Job 5:22	לְ/שֹׁ֣ד	leshod	`HR/Ncmsa`	at destruction	to devastation	to devastation

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