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קָצַף

𐤒𐤑𐤐

qâtsaph

H7107 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To be angry, to become enraged, to feel or express strong displeasure. The verb describes a sudden or forceful emotional response, usually of anger or indignation, often with implications of visible or verbal outburst. It can be used for both human and divine anger. While the core sense involves a sudden emotional arousal, the object and intensity can vary by context. In some instances, it also includes the external manifestation of anger.

Semantic Range

be angry, rage, be enraged, feel or express anger, provoke to anger, show displeasure, be wrathful, be indignant, incite anger; applied to both God and humans

Root / Etymology

From the root קצף, which in its core sense indicates 'to be or become enraged' or 'to burst out in anger.' The root is attested in both biblical and later Hebrew with similar meanings. Some have proposed a connection to the idea of 'breaking forth' or 'snapping,' possibly evoking the physicality of an emotional outburst, but this is debated. The root is also attested in related Semitic languages (e.g., Aramaic קצף with a similar sense, 'to be angry').

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the Hebrew Bible, קָצַף is used for both human anger (e.g., a king angry at a subject, an individual at another) and divine anger (God's wrath against individuals or nations). It occurs throughout the Hebrew Bible, with notable concentrations in texts describing royal court life (Esther, Daniel) and prophetic pronouncements. The term can describe both an internal state and its external expression. Unlike related verbs such as חָרָה (to burn with anger) and אָנַף (to be angry, often in the sense of breathing hard), קָצַף tends more towards the idea of eruptive or pronounced anger. Standard English translations render it variously as 'anger,' 'wrath,' 'displeasure,' 'rage,' or 'indignation,' but none fully capture its connotation of emotional eruption or outburst. In later biblical and post-biblical literature, the root continues to denote intense anger, often with judicial or authoritative overtones. The term is not specifically limited to Israelite characters; it is used for non-Israelite figures as well. Over time, its usage does not display substantial semantic drift, but context may nuance its intensity or the gravity of the response.

Translation Consistency

primary "be angry" 0 occurrences

qâtsaph normally denotes becoming or being angry/enraged (often suddenly). English most naturally renders this as “be angry” (e.g. “he was angry,” “the LORD was angry”), so using “be angry” keeps the typical intransitive sense and reads naturally for both human and divine subjects.

Alternatives (34 occurrences):
"angry" (13x) "became angry" (4x) "burst out in anger" (4x) "enraged" (4x) "became enraged" (3x) "those who enrage" (1x) "becomes enraged" (1x) "anger" (1x) "causing to enrage" (1x) "provoked to anger" (1x) "rage" (1x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; to crack off, i.e. (figuratively) burst out in rage; (be) anger(-ry), displease, fret self, (provoke to) wrath (come), be wroth.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

קצף (qâtsaph) — to be angry, to rage, to burst out in anger

Root קצף to be angry, to rage, to burst out in anger
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H7108 קְצַף and he became enraged
H7109 קְצַף furious wrath
H7110 קֶצֶף in your wrath
H7111 קְצָפָה brittle bark-fragment

Word Forms

17 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H7107-14 וַ/יִּקְצֹ֥ף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms and was angry and he burst out in anger and he was angry 8
H7107-07 קָצַ֧ף qatsaf HVqp3ms was angry he became enraged he was angry 4
H7107-09 קָצַ֣פְתִּי qatsafeti HVqp1cs I was angry I became enraged I became enraged 3
H7107-17 יִקְצֹ֤ף yiqetsof HVqi3ms He be angry he will rage he will be angry 3
H7107-08 קָצַ֨פְתָּ֙ qatsafeta HVqp2ms are angry you became enraged you were angry 2
H7107-11 תִּקְצֹ֤ף tiqetsof HVqj2ms be angry you rage you will be angry 2
H7107-13 וַ/יִּקְצְפ֨וּ vayiqetsefu HC/Vqw3mp and they were angry and they burst out in anger and they burst out in anger 2
H7107-01 בְּ/הַקְצִ֤יף behaqetsif HR/Vhc when angering in causing to enrage in causing to enrage 1
H7107-02 אֶקְּצ֑וֹף eqetsof HVqi1cs I will be angry I will rage I will be angry 1
H7107-03 הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ hiqetsafeta HVhp2ms you provoked you enraged you enraged 1

Occurrences in Scripture

34 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H7107-14 Genesis 40:2 וַ/יִּקְצֹ֣ף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms was angry and he burst out in anger and he became angry
H7107-07 Genesis 41:10 קָצַ֣ף qatsaf HVqp3ms was angry he became enraged he became angry
H7107-14 Exodus 16:20 וַ/יִּקְצֹ֥ף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms and was angry and he burst out in anger and he was angry
H7107-17 Leviticus 10:6 יִקְצֹ֑ף yiqetsof HVqi3ms He be angry he will rage he will be angry
H7107-14 Leviticus 10:16 וַ֠/יִּקְצֹף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms And he was angry and he burst out in anger and he burst out in anger
H7107-11 Numbers 16:22 תִּקְצֹֽף tiqetsof HVqi2ms will you be angry you rage you will be angry
H7107-14 Numbers 31:14 וַ/יִּקְצֹ֣ף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms And was angry and he burst out in anger and he was angry
H7107-14 Deuteronomy 1:34 וַ/יִּקְצֹ֖ף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms and was angry and he burst out in anger and he burst out in anger
H7107-03 Deuteronomy 9:7 הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ hiqetsafeta HVhp2ms you provoked you enraged you enraged
H7107-04 Deuteronomy 9:8 הִקְצַפְתֶּ֖ם hiqetsafetem HVhp2mp you provoked you enraged you enraged
H7107-07 Deuteronomy 9:19 קָצַ֧ף qatsaf HVqp3ms was angry he became enraged he was angry
H7107-05 Deuteronomy 9:22 מַקְצִפִ֥ים maqetsifim HVhrmpa provoking those who enrage those who enrage
H7107-17 Joshua 22:18 יִקְצֹֽף yiqetsof HVqi3ms he will be angry he will rage he will be angry
H7107-13 1 Samuel 29:4 וַ/יִּקְצְפ֨וּ vayiqetsefu HC/Vqw3mp and they were angry and they burst out in anger and they were angry
H7107-14 2 Kings 5:11 וַ/יִּקְצֹ֥ף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms was angry and he burst out in anger and he was angry
H7107-14 2 Kings 13:19 וַ/יִּקְצֹ֨ף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms and was angry and he burst out in anger and he became angry
H7107-16 Isaiah 8:21 וְ/הִתְקַצַּ֗ף vehiteqatsaf HC/Vtq3ms and-they-shall-fret and he became enraged and he becomes enraged
H7107-09 Isaiah 47:6 קָצַ֣פְתִּי qatsafeti HVqp1cs I-was-angry I became enraged I became enraged
H7107-06 Isaiah 54:9 מִ/קְּצֹ֥ף miqetsof HR/Vqc from anger from raging from anger
H7107-02 Isaiah 57:16 אֶקְּצ֑וֹף eqetsof HVqi1cs I will be angry I will rage I will be angry
H7107-09 Isaiah 57:17 קָצַ֥פְתִּי qatsafeti HVqp1cs I was angry I became enraged I became enraged
H7107-15 Isaiah 57:17 וְ/אֶקְצֹ֑ף veeqetsof HC/Vqi1cs and was angry and I will become enraged and I was enraged
H7107-08 Isaiah 64:4 קָצַ֨פְתָּ֙ qatsafeta HVqp2ms were angry you became enraged you were angry
H7107-11 Isaiah 64:8 תִּקְצֹ֤ף tiqetsof HVqj2ms be angry you rage be angry
H7107-13 Jeremiah 37:15 וַ/יִּקְצְפ֧וּ vayiqetsefu HC/Vqw3mp and they were angry and they burst out in anger and they burst out in anger
H7107-07 Zechariah 1:2 קָצַ֧ף qatsaf HVqp3ms was-angry he became enraged he was angry
H7107-10 Zechariah 1:15 קֹצֵ֔ף qotsef HVqrmsa am angry raging one am enraged
H7107-09 Zechariah 1:15 קָצַ֣פְתִּי qatsafeti HVqp1cs was angry I became enraged I became enraged
H7107-01 Zechariah 8:14 בְּ/הַקְצִ֤יף behaqetsif HR/Vhc when angering in causing to enrage in causing to enrage
H7107-12 Psalms 106:32 וַ֭/יַּקְצִיפוּ vayaqetsifu HC/Vhw3mp they angered and they provoked to anger and they provoked to anger
H7107-08 Lamentations 5:22 קָצַ֥פְתָּ qatsafeta HVqp2ms are angry you became enraged you were angry
H7107-17 Ecclesiastes 5:5 יִקְצֹ֤ף yiqetsof HVqi3ms he will rage should he rage
H7107-14 Esther 1:12 וַ/יִּקְצֹ֤ף vayiqetsof HC/Vqw3ms and the king was furious and he burst out in anger and he burst out in anger
H7107-07 Esther 2:21 קָצַף֩ qatsaf HVqp3ms became angry he became enraged he became angry
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