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עָשׂוֹר

𐤏𐤔𐤅𐤓

ʻâsôwr

H6218 noun

SILEX Entry

Root עשר to be ten, to form a group of ten

Definition

A group or set of ten, especially denoting the number ten as a unit. In particular contexts, refers to a ten-stringed musical instrument or to the tenth day of a month.

Semantic Range

group of ten, tenth (day); ten-stringed (musical instrument), decachord; pertaining to the number ten

Root / Etymology

From the root ע-ש-ר (עשר), meaning 'ten.' The word עָשׂוֹר is a nominal derivative indicating a collective or group of ten, or the ordinal 'tenth.'

Historical & Contextual Notes

In biblical usage, עָשׂוֹר typically appears in two main contexts: (1) as a component indicating the tenth day of a month, particularly associated with ritual observances (e.g., the Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur, which is observed 'on the tenth day' of the seventh month); and (2) as an attributive term for a musical instrument with ten strings (e.g., Psalm 33:2, 92:4, 144:9), referring to a type of harp or lyre. The sense as 'decury' or 'group of ten' is rarely, if ever, used outside these contexts in the Hebrew Bible. Later English translations sometimes render עָשׂוֹר as 'decachord,' following the tradition of the Greek Septuagint. The term should not be confused with עֶשֶׂר ('ten' as a cardinal number), nor with עָשִׂיר (usually 'rich, wealthy'). The use of עָשׂוֹר as 'tenth' is tied to its function as a marker of the calendar, most evident in priestly and ritual texts. In musical contexts, it does not refer to the ordinal but to the construction of the instrument.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

or עָשֹׂר; from עֶשֶׂר; ten; by abbreviated form ten strings, and so a decachord; (instrument of) ten (strings, -th).

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

עשר (ʿ-ś-r) — ten, to be ten, to form a group of ten

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H4643 מַעֲשֵׂר the tenth-portion
H6223 עָשִׁיר wealthy man
H6224 עֲשִׂירִי tenth
H6235 עֶשֶׂר ten
H6236 עֲשַׂר -teen

Word Forms

3 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H6218-02 בֶּ/עָשֹׂ֖ר beasor HRd/Ncmsa on the tenth on the tenth 11
H6218-01 עָשׂ֑וֹר asor HNcmsa of ten strings group of ten 4
H6218-03 וּ/בֶ/עָשׂוֹר֩ uveasor HC/Rd/Ncmsa and-on-the-tenth and in the tenth 1

Occurrences in Scripture

16 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H6218-01 Genesis 24:55 עָשׂ֑וֹר asor HNcmsa ten group of ten
H6218-02 Exodus 12:3 בֶּ/עָשֹׂ֖ר beasor HRd/Ncmsa on-the-tenth on the tenth
H6218-02 Leviticus 16:29 בֶּֽ/עָשׂ֨וֹר beasor HRd/Ncmsa on the tenth on the tenth
H6218-02 Leviticus 23:27 בֶּ/עָשׂ֣וֹר beasor HRd/Ncmsa on the tenth on the tenth
H6218-02 Leviticus 25:9 בֶּ/עָשׂ֖וֹר beasor HRd/Ncmsa on tenth on the tenth
H6218-03 Numbers 29:7 וּ/בֶ/עָשׂוֹר֩ uveasor HC/Rd/Ncmsa and-on-the-tenth and in the tenth
H6218-02 Joshua 4:19 בֶּ/עָשׂ֖וֹר beasor HRd/Ncmsa on the tenth on the tenth
H6218-02 2 Kings 25:1 בֶּ/עָשׂ֣וֹר beasor HRd/Ncmsa on the tenth on the tenth
H6218-02 Jeremiah 52:4 בֶּ/עָשׂ֣וֹר beasor HRd/Ncmsa ten on the tenth
H6218-02 Jeremiah 52:12 בֶּ/עָשׂ֣וֹר beasor HRd/Ncmsa on the tenth on the tenth
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