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עִם

𐤏𐤌

ʻim

H5973 preposition

SILEX Entry

Root עִם with, together, accompany, in the presence of

Definition

Primary meaning: with, together with, in association or accompaniment with another person, group, or entity. Functions as both a preposition and adverb to express being in company with, alongside, or in the presence of. Its semantic range covers various specific relationships of accompaniment, association, comparison, opposition, and simultaneous action in both literal and metaphorical contexts.

Semantic Range

with (in company with), together with, in association with, in the presence of, alongside, in opposition to, compared with, simultaneously with, in proportion to, as long as, by reason of, for all, among, before, beside, against (less commonly; context-dependent)

Root / Etymology

Derived from the root עִמְ, though the ultimate etymology is uncertain. Some connect it to עָמַם (to be dim, darken), but most lexicographers regard עִם as a primary, independent preposition with no direct semantic connection to that root.

Historical & Contextual Notes

עִם functions as a preposition to denote company, association, or the state of being present with someone or something, whether physically ('going with', 'dwelling with') or abstractly ('in concord with', 'against', 'in proportion to'). In poetic or rhetorical contexts, it may express comparison or opposition. In Israelite texts from all periods, עִם is the customary preposition to mark accompaniment or association, as distinct from אֵת (marking direct object, or rarely also 'with' in later Hebrew, especially in Post-Exilic contexts) and מִן ('from' or 'among'). Greek Septuagint most often translates עִם as μετά or σύν, reflecting its sense of 'with'. English translations sometimes obscure nuance, interchangeably rendering עִם and אֵת as 'with', but עִם carries a stronger connotation of partnership or presence. In legal, ritual, or covenantal contexts, it may indicate mutuality or partnership between parties (e.g. covenants 'with' the deity or 'with' other peoples). In lists, “עִם” may also introduce comparison ('along with', 'as well as'). Its use remains generally consistent across the First Temple, Exilic, and Second Temple periods.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from עָמַם; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English); accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al).

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

עם (ʿ-m) — with, together, accompaniment, association, presence

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H517 אֵם with her
H525 אָמוֹן Ammon (Kin-People)
H526 אָמוֹן Ammon
H528 אָמוֹן Ammon (Kin-People)
H5972 עַם the gathered people

Word Forms

28 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H5973-02 עִם im HR with if / whether 443
H5973-12 עִמּ֖/וֹ imo HR/Sp3ms with him with him 154
H5973-05 עִמָּ/ךְ֒ imakhe HR/Sp2fs with you with you 88
H5973-11 עִמִּֽ/י imi HR/Sp1cs with me with me 45
H5973-06 עִמָּ/כֶ֑ם imakhem HR/Sp2mp with you with you (masculine plural) 45
H5973-13 מֵ/עִ֣ם meim HR/R from from with 43
H5973-08 עִמָּ֑/נוּ imanu HR/Sp1cp with us with us 36
H5973-09 עִמְּ/ךָ֔ imekha HR/Sp2ms with you with you 34
H5973-22 וְ/עִם veim HC/R and with and if 30
H5973-07 עִמָּ֖/ם imam HR/Sp3mp with them with them 27

Occurrences in Scripture

1049 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H5973-03 Genesis 3:6 עִמָּ֖/הּ imah HR/Sp3fs with her with her
H5973-12 Genesis 13:1 עִמּ֖/וֹ imo HR/Sp3ms with him with him
H5973-19 Genesis 13:14 מֵֽ/עִמּ֔/וֹ meimo HR/R/Sp3ms from him from with him
H5973-07 Genesis 18:16 עִמָּ֖/ם imam HR/Sp3mp with them with them
H5973-02 Genesis 18:23 עִם im HR with if / whether
H5973-02 Genesis 18:25 עִם im HR with if / whether
H5973-12 Genesis 19:30 עִמּ֔/וֹ imo HR/Sp3ms with him with him
H5973-12 Genesis 19:32 עִמּ֑/וֹ imo HR/Sp3ms with him with him
H5973-12 Genesis 19:34 עִמּ֔/וֹ imo HR/Sp3ms with him with him
H5973-12 Genesis 19:35 עִמּ֔/וֹ imo HR/Sp3ms with him with him
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