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עוּד

𐤏𐤅𐤃

ʻûwd

H5749 verb

SILEX Entry

Root עוּד to repeat, do again, return

Definition

To bear witness, affirm, or give testimony, often in a formal or solemn context; to warn, admonish, or call to account, especially by reiterating or repeating testimony; to invoke as witness or evidence, sometimes with the nuance of adjuring or solemnly warning.

Semantic Range

to bear witness, give testimony, testify; to admonish, warn, charge, call to account; to invoke or call as witness, solemnly affirm; to repeat, reiterate in a formal context

Root / Etymology

From the root עוּד (ʿ-w-d), which in Semitic languages broadly conveys the idea 'to repeat, do again, return'. The forms of עוּד in the Hebrew Bible reflect an extension from the basic meaning 'to return, repeat' to the act of repeatedly affirming or testifying, and thus to warning or solemnly bearing witness.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the Hebrew Bible, עוּד appears frequently in contexts involving legal or covenantal procedures—proclaiming testimony, confirming or warning through repeated assertion, or summoning as witness. While its primary emphasis is on testimony or witness (e.g., Deut 30:19: 'I call heaven and earth to witness against you'), it can be used more generally for any formal repetition meant to ensure something is known or established. In prophetic contexts, it signals warning to the people by repeated prophetic pronouncement. The verb occasionally broadens to include 'to admonish' or 'warn' by way of persistent declaration. English translations sometimes render it with verbs like 'testify', 'warn', 'charge', 'admonish', or 'call as witness', each capturing a facet of its semantic field, but not always the full formality or covenantal context implied. The nuances of reiteration and solemnity are often lost in translation.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; to duplicate or repeat; by implication, to protest, testify (as by reiteration); intensively, to encompass, restore (as a sort of reduplication); admonish, charge, earnestly, lift up, protest, call (take) to record, relieve, rob, solemnly, stand upright, testify, give warning, (bear, call to, give, take to) witness.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

עוד (ʿ-w-d) — repeat, return, bear witness, reaffirm

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H3034 יָדָה still him
H5704 עַד while still
H5707 עֵד witness
H5709 עֲדָא appointed assembly of
H5712 עֵדָה appointed assembly of

Word Forms

26 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H5749-05 הַעִידֹתִי֩ haidoti HVhp1cs I call to witness I caused to testify 5
H5749-21 וְ/אָעִ֣ידָה veaidah HC/Vhh1cs and I will testify and let me solemnly bear-witness 5
H5749-02 הָעֵ֣ד haed HVha warn solemnly warning 4
H5749-06 הֵעִד֩ heid HVhp3ms has testified he gave solemn testimony 3
H5749-22 וְ/הָעֵ֖ד vehaed HC/Vha and call witnesses and to solemnly charge 3
H5749-13 וָ/אָעִ֤ד vaaid HC/Vhw1cs and I testified and I solemnly warned 2
H5749-16 וַ/תָּ֨עַד vataad HC/Vhw2ms and-you-warned and she bore witness 2
H5749-18 וַ/יָּ֣עַד vayaad HC/Vhw3ms and solemnly charged and he solemnly warned 2
H5749-03 הַעֵדֹ֤תָה haedotah HVhp2ms warned you solemnly warned 1
H5749-17 וַ/תְּעִידֵֽ/נִי vateideni HC/Vhw3fs/Sp1cs it testified for me she solemnly charged me 1

Occurrences in Scripture

44 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H5749-02 Genesis 43:3 הָעֵ֣ד haed HVha warned solemnly warning
H5749-06 Genesis 43:3 הֵעִד֩ heid HVhp3ms testified he gave solemn testimony
H5749-02 Exodus 19:21 הָעֵ֣ד haed HVhv2ms warn solemnly warning
H5749-03 Exodus 19:23 הַעֵדֹ֤תָה haedotah HVhp2ms warned you solemnly warned
H5749-24 Exodus 21:29 וְ/הוּעַ֤ד vehuad HC/VHq3ms and it has been testified and he was solemnly warned
H5749-05 Deuteronomy 4:26 הַעִידֹתִי֩ haidoti HVhp1cs I call to witness I caused to testify
H5749-05 Deuteronomy 8:19 הַעִדֹ֤תִי haidoti HVhp1cs I testify I caused to testify
H5749-05 Deuteronomy 30:19 הַעִידֹ֨תִי haidoti HVhp1cs I call to witness I caused to testify
H5749-21 Deuteronomy 31:28 וְ/אָעִ֣ידָה veaidah HC/Vhh1cs and I will testify and let me solemnly bear-witness
H5749-09 Deuteronomy 32:46 מֵעִ֥יד meid HVhrmsa testify the one who solemnly testifies
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