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סָגַר

𐤎𐤂𐤓

çâgar

H5462 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To shut, close, or confine; to shut or close (a door, gate, city, etc.), to enclose or imprison (persons), to deliver over (into someone's power or custody), to surrender. The word is used both in literal senses (such as shutting doors or enclosing within walls) and figuratively (such as handing someone over, or causing restriction or confinement).

Semantic Range

to shut (doors, gates), to close up, to enclose, to confine, to imprison, to surrender, to deliver up, to hand over, to be shut in, to stop (up), to surrender (enemies), to block access

Root / Etymology

The verb derives from the root סגר, which expresses the basic idea 'to shut' or 'to close.' Its simplest stem usage (Qal) denotes the physical act of shutting or closing something, while more nuanced stems (such as Hiphil) and contexts expand to surrendering or handing over, often through the metaphor of 'shutting someone in' someone's hand or power.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the Hebrew Bible, סָגַר is often used to describe the physical act of shutting doors, gates, or windows (e.g., Genesis 7:16); it can also refer to the action of closing someone in confinement or prison (Judges 3:23; 1 Samuel 23:7). In some narratives, it denotes surrender or being delivered over (e.g., 1 Samuel 23:7–14) — especially when an enemy is described as being 'shut up' or delivered into someone’s hand, which extends the semantic range from the concrete to the metaphoric. The root occurs across all periods of biblical Hebrew, though surrender/deliver is more common in narrative and historical contexts. English translations sometimes obscure the difference between 'shut,' 'enclose,' and 'deliver up.' The sense of 'straitly'/'pure' reflects later idiomatic or intensified uses, but this is context-dependent and not a primary lexical meaning. Not to be confused with סָגָר (sagâr), a noun for 'bolt' or 'bar.'

Translation Consistency

primary "shut" 30 occurrences

Most primary and frequent sense of סָגַר is to shut/close (doors, gates, cities) and this form appears most often in existing renderings. "Shut" is natural English, easily inflected (shuts, shut, shutting, shut in) and can cover literal closing as well as confinement/imprisonment senses by context. Consistency across all forms favors the simple, common verb "shut."

Alternatives (20 occurrences):
"hand over" (4x) "pure" (4x) "isolate" (2x) "deliver" (2x) "delivered them over" (1x) "shutting" (1x) "shut-in" (1x) "surrender" (1x) "delivered" (1x) "hand me over" (1x) "delivered up" (1x) "refined" (1x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; to shut up; figuratively, to surrender; close up, deliver (up), give over (up), inclose, [idiom] pure, repair, shut (in, self, out, up, up together), stop, [idiom] straitly.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

סגר (maçgêr) — to shut, close, secure

Root סגר to shut, to close, to enclose
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H4525 מַסְגֵּר the metal-forger
H4526 מִסְגֶּרֶת the enclosing frame
H5458 סְגוֹר enclosed covering of
H5463 סְגַר and he shut
H5464 סַגְרִיד confining downpour

Word Forms

50 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H5462-15 סָג֑וּר sagur HNcmsa pure shut-in one refined 13
H5462-12 סָגַ֕ר sagar HVqp3ms shut he shut he shut 6
H5462-34 וַ/יִּסְגֹּ֖ר vayisegor HC/Vqw3ms and closed and he shut and he shut 6
H5462-36 וְ/הִסְגִּ֧יר vehisegir HC/Vhq3ms and he shall shut up and he handed over and he shut 5
H5462-37 וְ/הִסְגִּיר֧/וֹ vehisegiro HC/Vhq3ms/Sp3ms and he shall isolate it and he delivered him over and he shut him 4
H5462-07 הִסְגִּיר֙ hisegir HVhp3ms he has delivered he delivered over he delivered over 3
H5462-13 סָגָֽרוּ sagaru HVqp3cp they shut they shut they shut 2
H5462-14 סָֽגְר֞וּ sageru HVqp3cp they have closed they shut they shut 2
H5462-16 סִגַּ֨ר sigar HVpp3ms has delivered he shut in has delivered 2
H5462-28 וּֽ/סְגֹ֥ר usegor HC/Vqv2ms and-close and shut! and shut 2

Occurrences in Scripture

91 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H5462-34 Genesis 2:21 וַ/יִּסְגֹּ֥ר vayisegor HC/Vqw3ms and he closed and he shut and he shut
H5462-34 Genesis 7:16 וַ/יִּסְגֹּ֥ר vayisegor HC/Vqw3ms and shut and he shut and he shut
H5462-12 Genesis 19:6 סָגַ֥ר sagar HVqp3ms shut he shut he shut
H5462-13 Genesis 19:10 סָגָֽרוּ sagaru HVqp3cp they shut they shut they shut
H5462-12 Exodus 14:3 סָגַ֥ר sagar HVqp3ms has shut he shut he shut
H5462-36 Leviticus 13:4 וְ/הִסְגִּ֧יר vehisegir HC/Vhq3ms then the priest shall isolate and he handed over and he shut
H5462-37 Leviticus 13:5 וְ/הִסְגִּיר֧/וֹ vehisegiro HC/Vhq3ms/Sp3ms then the priest shall isolate him and he delivered him over and he shut him
H5462-45 Leviticus 13:11 יַסְגִּרֶ֔/נּוּ yasegirenu HVhi3ms/Sp3ms shall isolate him he will shut him in he will isolate him
H5462-37 Leviticus 13:21 וְ/הִסְגִּיר֥/וֹ vehisegiro HC/Vhq3ms/Sp3ms and the priest shall isolate him and he delivered him over and he shut him
H5462-37 Leviticus 13:26 וְ/הִסְגִּיר֥/וֹ vehisegiro HC/Vhq3ms/Sp3ms the priest shall shut him up and he delivered him over and he shut him
H5462-36 Leviticus 13:31 וְ/הִסְגִּ֧יר vehisegir HC/Vhq3ms and he shall shut up and he handed over and he shall shut up
H5462-36 Leviticus 13:33 וְ/הִסְגִּ֨יר vehisegir HC/Vhq3ms and the priest shall shut up and he handed over and he shut
H5462-36 Leviticus 13:50 וְ/הִסְגִּ֥יר vehisegir HC/Vhq3ms and shall isolate and he handed over and he shut
H5462-37 Leviticus 13:54 וְ/הִסְגִּיר֥/וֹ vehisegiro HC/Vhq3ms/Sp3ms and he shall isolate it and he delivered him over and he shall isolate it
H5462-36 Leviticus 14:38 וְ/הִסְגִּ֥יר vehisegir HC/Vhq3ms and shut up and he handed over and he shut
H5462-07 Leviticus 14:46 הִסְגִּ֣יר hisegir HVhp3ms that it is shut up he delivered over it is shut up
H5462-26 Numbers 12:14 תִּסָּגֵ֞ר tisager HVNi3fs she shall be shut she will be shut in she will be shut in
H5462-29 Numbers 12:15 וַ/תִּסָּגֵ֥ר vatisager HC/VNw3fs and Miriam was shut up and she was shut in and she was shut in
H5462-24 Deuteronomy 23:16 תַסְגִּ֥יר tasegir HVhi2ms hand over you will hand over you will hand over
H5462-08 Deuteronomy 32:30 הִסְגִּירָֽ/ם hisegiram HVhp3ms/Sp3mp had-given-them-up he delivered them over had delivered them over
H5462-10 Joshua 2:5 לִ/סְגּ֗וֹר lisegor HR/Vqc to shut to shut to shut
H5462-13 Joshua 2:7 סָגָ֔רוּ sagaru HVqp3cp they shut they shut they shut
H5462-20 Joshua 6:1 סֹגֶ֣רֶת sogeret HVqrfsa was shutting shutting one shutting
H5462-27 Joshua 6:1 וּ/מְסֻגֶּ֔רֶת umesugeret HC/VPsfsa and shut up and shut-in and shut-in
H5462-46 Joshua 20:5 יַסְגִּ֥רוּ yasegiru HVhi3mp they shall deliver up they will hand over they will hand over
H5462-34 Judges 3:22 וַ/יִּסְגֹּ֤ר vayisegor HC/Vqw3ms and closed and he shut and he shut
H5462-34 Judges 3:23 וַ/יִּסְגֹּ֞ר vayisegor HC/Vqw3ms and he closed and he shut and he shut
H5462-33 Judges 9:51 וַֽ/יִּסְגְּר֖וּ vayisegeru HC/Vqw3mp and-they-shut and they shut and they shut
H5462-12 1 Samuel 1:5 סָגַ֥ר sagar HVqp3ms had shut up he shut he shut
H5462-12 1 Samuel 1:6 סָגַ֥ר sagar HVqp3ms had shut he shut he shut
H5462-47 1 Samuel 17:46 יְסַגֶּרְ/ךָ֩ yesagerekha HVpi3ms/Sp2ms will deliver you he will shut you in he will deliver you
H5462-11 1 Samuel 23:7 נִסְגַּ֣ר nisegar HVNp3ms he is shut up he was shut in it was shut in
H5462-04 1 Samuel 23:11 הֲ/יַסְגִּרֻ֣/נִי hayasegiruni HTi/Vhi3mp/Sp1cs will they surrender me they will hand me over will they surrender me
H5462-03 1 Samuel 23:12 הֲ/יַסְגִּ֜רוּ hayasegiru HTi/Vhi3mp Will they surrender will they hand over will they hand over
H5462-46 1 Samuel 23:12 יַסְגִּֽירוּ yasegiru HVhi3mp They will surrender they will hand over they will hand over
H5462-02 1 Samuel 23:20 הַסְגִּיר֖/וֹ hasegiro HVhc/Sp3ms to deliver him to shut him in to deliver him
H5462-17 1 Samuel 24:19 סִגְּרַ֧/נִי sigerani HVpp3ms/Sp1cs has-shut-me-up he has shut me in he has shut me in
H5462-16 1 Samuel 26:8 סִגַּ֨ר sigar HVpp3ms has delivered he shut in has delivered
H5462-25 1 Samuel 30:15 תַּסְגִּרֵ֨/נִי֙ tasegireni HVhi2ms/Sp1cs you deliver me you hand me over you hand me over
H5462-16 2 Samuel 18:28 סִגַּר֙ sigar HVpp3ms has delivered up he shut in has delivered up
H5462-15 1 Kings 6:20 סָג֑וּר sagur HNcmsa pure shut-in one pure
H5462-15 1 Kings 6:21 סָג֑וּר sagur HNcmsa pure shut-in one pure
H5462-15 1 Kings 7:49 סָג֑וּר sagur HNcmsa pure shut-in one pure
H5462-15 1 Kings 7:50 סָג֑וּר sagur HNcmsa pure shut-in one refined
H5462-15 1 Kings 10:21 סָג֑וּר sagur HNcmsa pure shut-in one pure
H5462-12 1 Kings 11:27 סָגַ֕ר sagar HVqp3ms he-closed he shut he shut
H5462-40 2 Kings 4:4 וְ/סָגַ֤רְתְּ vesagarete HC/Vqp2fs and shut and you shut and you shall shut
H5462-30 2 Kings 4:5 וַ/תִּסְגֹּ֣ר vatisegor HC/Vqw3fs and she shut and she shut and she shut
H5462-30 2 Kings 4:21 וַ/תִּסְגֹּ֥ר vatisegor HC/Vqw3fs and shut and she shut and she shut
H5462-34 2 Kings 4:33 וַ/יִּסְגֹּ֥ר vayisegor HC/Vqw3ms and closed and he shut and he shut
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