מָרוּד
𐤌𐤓𐤅𐤃
mârûwd
H4788 noun
SILEX Entry
Definition
An outcast; someone expelled or banished from the community, or wandering in a state of exile. By extension, refers also to the condition or state of being outcast, estrangement, or suffering caused by separation from one's people or home. In abstract usage, may indicate the concept of distress associated with social rejection or enforced wandering.
Semantic Range
outcast, one expelled or banished, wanderer, exile, condition of being outcast or estranged, misery or distress resulting from expulsion
Root / Etymology
From the root רוד (rud), meaning 'to wander, roam, be restless.' The form מָרוּד is most likely a passive participial or substantival formation, indicating 'one who is caused to wander' or 'one who is made an outcast.'
Historical & Contextual Notes
In biblical usage, the term appears primarily in exilic or lament contexts, denoting either a person or group who has been forcibly expelled or is living in exile (e.g., Isaiah 58:7). The noun can be both concrete ('an outcast') and abstract ('condition of being an outcast'). It is related to the underlying verb רוּד, which connnotes movement without settling, often with a negative or punitive nuance. Standard English translations may sometimes use 'outcast,' 'destitute,' or 'wanderer,' but these may miss nuances of enforced alienation and suffering. מָרוּד overlaps in some respects with גָּלוּת (exile), but the latter emphasizes forced mass deportation or captivity, while מָרוּד stresses the state or identity of being cast out, whether individually or collectively. The sense of 'misery' in some translations arises from the experience of destitution accompanying expulsion.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
from רוּד in the sense of maltreatment; an outcast; (abstractly) destitution; cast out, misery.
Bantu Hebrew
No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been submitted for this word yet.
+ Add Bantu Hebrew WordRoot Family
רוד (r-w-d) — to wander, roam, be restless
Word Forms
3 distinct forms
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H4788-01 |
מְרוּדִ֖ים | merudim | HNcmpa |
homeless | banished wanderers | 1 |
H4788-03 |
וּ/מְרוּדִ֖/י | umerudi | HC/Ncmsc/Sp1cs |
and my wandering | and my outcast-state | 1 |
H4788-02 |
וּ/מְרוּדֶ֔י/הָ | umerudeyha | HC/Ncmpc/Sp3fs |
and her wanderings | her outcasts | 1 |
Occurrences in Scripture
3 total occurrences
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H4788-01 |
Isaiah 58:7 | מְרוּדִ֖ים | merudim | HNcmpa |
homeless | banished wanderers |
H4788-02 |
Lamentations 1:7 | וּ/מְרוּדֶ֔י/הָ | umerudeyha | HC/Ncmpc/Sp3fs |
and her wanderings | her outcasts |
H4788-03 |
Lamentations 3:19 | וּ/מְרוּדִ֖/י | umerudi | HC/Ncmsc/Sp1cs |
and my wandering | and my outcast-state |