הוּם
𐤄𐤅𐤌
hûwm
H1949 verb
SILEX Entry
Definition
To move or stir with great commotion; to be in tumult or agitation. It primarily conveys physical or emotional disturbance—shaking, loud noise, or disorder—whether of persons, peoples, or natural elements; secondarily, to disturb or unsettle, to cause anxiety or panic, or to destroy by means of tumult.
Semantic Range
to make a tumult, to agitate or disturb greatly (emotionally or physically), to cause alarm or panic, to destroy or overthrow by disorder, to move with noise, to be in uproar or tumult
Root / Etymology
Root הום, cognate with or parallel to המם (hamam, 'to make noise, be in uproar'). The core root meaning is 'to move noisily, to be in commotion.' The verb hûwm derives from this root, with a primary focus on agitation by movement or sound, often with the implication of emotional or social disturbance.
Historical & Contextual Notes
הוּם appears rarely in the Hebrew Bible. Occurrences are typically poetic (e.g., Psalms) or prophetic, depicting upheaval—of peoples, nations, or the natural world. It frequently overlaps in sense with words like רָגַז (ragaz, 'to quake'), רָעַשׁ (ra'ash, 'to shake') or המה (hāmah, 'to roar, make noise'), but hûwm more consistently emphasizes agitation leading to confusion, disorder, or fear, sometimes culminating in destruction. Later Jewish and translation traditions sometimes render the sense as 'destroy' or 'overthrow,' which may narrow the polyvalent dynamic of the original. In the Israelite context, hûwm does not have a technical meaning, but is invoked to evoke intense unrest, whether physical (earth, nations, seas) or psychological.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
a primitive root (compare הָמַם); to make an uproar, or agitate greatly; destroy, move, make a noise, put, ring again.
Bantu Hebrew
No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been submitted for this word yet.
+ Add Bantu Hebrew WordRoot Family
הום (h-w-m) — noisy movement, agitation, tumult
Word Forms
3 distinct forms
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1949-02 |
וַ/תֵּהֹ֖ם | vatehom | HC/VNw3fs |
and-it-resounded | and she was tumultuous | 3 |
H1949-03 |
וְ/אָהִֽימָה | veahimah | HC/Vhh1cs |
and-I-tremble | and let me cause tumult | 1 |
H1949-01 |
תְּהִימֶ֖נָה | tehimenah | HVhi3fp |
they will make noise | they will cause tumult | 1 |
Occurrences in Scripture
5 total occurrences
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1949-02 |
1 Samuel 4:5 | וַ/תֵּהֹ֖ם | vatehom | HC/VNw3fs |
and shook | and she was tumultuous |
H1949-02 |
1 Kings 1:45 | וַ/תֵּהֹ֖ם | vatehom | HC/VNw3fs |
and-it-resounded | and she was tumultuous |
H1949-01 |
Micah 2:12 | תְּהִימֶ֖נָה | tehimenah | HVhi3fp |
they will make noise | they will cause tumult |
H1949-03 |
Psalms 55:3 | וְ/אָהִֽימָה | veahimah | HC/Vhh1cs |
and-I-tremble | and let me cause tumult |
H1949-02 |
Ruth 1:19 | וַ/תֵּהֹ֤ם | vatehom | HC/VNw3fs |
and-was-stirred | and she was tumultuous |