προσοφείλω
prosopheílō
G4359 verb
SILEX Entry
Definition
To owe in addition, to have a further or supplementary obligation or debt, particularly used when specifying an additional amount or responsibility beyond a previous or established obligation. The term can refer to further indebtedness in material, moral, or legal contexts, especially when the additional amount is specified beyond a principal sum or primary duty.
Semantic Range
to owe in addition, to be additionally indebted, to have further or supplementary obligation, to be required to pay or perform over and above a previous amount or requirement
Root / Etymology
From the preposition πρός ('to, towards, in addition to') and the verb ὀφείλω ('to owe, to be obligated'). The compound form suggests an added or supplementary obligation to what is already owed.
Historical & Contextual Notes
The verb προσοφείλω is a rare compound found in Koine Greek, with very limited attestation in Greek literature outside early biblical and legal materials, and is attested in the Septuagint (Exodus 21:36) and New Testament (Philemon 1:19). The usage carries both legal and financial connotations, often indicating an additional debt or responsibility incurred on top of a pre-existing one, whether monetary or otherwise. In Exodus 21:36 (LXX), it is used in a legal context referring to supplementary restitution; in Philemon, Paul employs it of any further obligation Onesimus might owe. English translations often render it as 'to owe in addition' or 'to owe besides,' but may not fully convey the nuance of supplementary liability. Related terms like ὀφείλω generally have broader application to debt or obligation without the explicit sense of 'additional' that προσοφείλω carries. The term reflects the legal language of the period, commonly found in contracts or legal deliberations, indicating expanding or compound obligations beyond the primary one.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
from πρός and ὀφείλω; to be indebted additionally:--over besides.
Root Family
ὀφειλ- (opheilétēs) — to owe, to be obligated, to be in debt
| Strong's | Lemma | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
| G3781 | ὀφειλέτης | debtors |
| G3782 | ὀφειλή | debts |
| G3783 | ὀφείλημα | a debt |
| G3784 | ὀφείλω | is obligated |
Word Forms
1 distinct form
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G4359-01 |
προσοφείλεις | prosopheileis | V PRS ACT IND 2P SG |
you owe | you are additionally obligated | you are additionally obligated | 1 |
Occurrences in Scripture
1 occurrence
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G4359-01 |
Philemon 1:19 | προσοφείλεις | prosopheileis | V PRS ACT IND 2P SG |
you owe | you are additionally obligated | you are additionally obligated |