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προπάσχω

propáschō

G4310 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To suffer or experience hardship beforehand; to undergo suffering or difficulty prior to another event. Used specifically in contexts where the suffering is temporally prior to a referenced circumstance or crisis, often with a sense of foreshadowing or anticipation of later events.

Semantic Range

to suffer beforehand, to endure suffering prior to another event, to undergo prior hardship, to experience suffering in advance of something else

Root / Etymology

Formed from the preposition πρό ('before, earlier') and the verb πάσχω ('to suffer, undergo, experience'). The compound literally means 'to suffer before.'

Historical & Contextual Notes

The term προπάσχω is rare and primarily attested within later Koine literature, including some use in Christian texts (e.g., 1 Peter 1:11). In these contexts, it often describes suffering that precedes a significant eschatological or salvific event, such as the anticipated sufferings of the 'Anointed One' (Christ). The word highlights the temporal relationship of suffering to a later fulfillment or glory, a nuance sometimes flattened in English translations that simply render it as 'suffer.' The verb is not common in earlier (classical) Greek, where simple πάσχω would suffice for general suffering. Compound verbs with πρό- in Koine often emphasize precedence or anticipation. English renderings like 'suffer before' or 'previously suffer' convey the basic sense but may not capture the anticipatory or prophetic nuance present in specific New Testament contexts.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from πρό and πάσχω; to undergo hardship previously:--suffer before.

Root Family

προπάσχω (propaschō) — to suffer before, to undergo prior hardship, to experience suffering beforehand

Root προπαθ- to suffer before, to undergo prior hardship

Word Forms

1 distinct form

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G4310-01 προπαθόντες propathontes V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL after we had already suffered having suffered beforehand having suffered beforehand 1

Occurrences in Scripture

1 occurrence

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G4310-01 1 Thessalonians 2:2 προπαθόντες propathontes V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL after we had already suffered having suffered beforehand having suffered beforehand
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