πίνω
pínō
G4095 verb
SILEX Entry
Definition
To consume liquid by drinking; to take in or absorb a fluid, most commonly water or wine, but also used figuratively to mean absorbing, partaking, or experiencing something (such as suffering, teaching, or an event). Primary sense involves the physical act of drinking; extended metaphorical uses include to take in (information, experience), to endure (a fate or portion, e.g., 'drink the cup'), or to participate in something (often with the sense of involvement to the point of internalizing).
Semantic Range
to drink (liquid), to absorb by drinking, to partake (figuratively), to experience or endure (metaphorically: as in drinking suffering or fate), to participate (in ritual or collective action involving drinking)
Root / Etymology
The verb πίνω derives from the root πιν- (pin-) and is a prolonged form associated with the more archaic verb πίω (píō) or πῖν (pin), which are found in various tenses (notably, πίνω is used in the present, imperfect, and future forms, while πίω is used as the aorist form). The root is Indo-European: *po(i)-, seen also in Latin 'poto' (to drink) and related terms in other Indo-European languages. It is not derived from another Greek noun but rather is primary and ancient within the language family.
Historical & Contextual Notes
In classical Greek, πίνω is the standard verb for drinking and generally refers to all kinds of liquids, though commonly water or wine. In the Septuagint and New Testament, it can retain a literal sense (to drink water, wine, etc.) or adopt figurative meanings, including the consumption of a share of destiny or suffering (e.g., 'drink the cup' of suffering or wrath). The metaphorical extension is frequent in Jewish and Hellenistic texts: to 'drink the cup' (πίνειν τὸ ποτήριον) signifies accepting a fate appointed by God or the gods. In cultic or ritual language, it may refer to shared participation (e.g., in symposia or in the Eucharistic cup in Christian contexts), but always retains the underlying sense of internalization through consumption. Occasional figurative uses appear in Greek literature and papyri, such as 'drinking' knowledge or words. Standard English translations usually render πίνω as 'drink' but may miss the nuance in metaphorical or ritual passages. Usage is consistent across classical, Hellenistic, and Koine periods, though some figurative senses become more prominent in later religious writings. The distinction between πίνω and more specialized verbs for drinking (e.g., καταπίνω, 'to gulp down' or 'to swallow') should be noted; πίνω denotes the standard act, not a violent or excessive one.
Translation Consistency
πίνω’s primary and most common sense is the physical act of drinking, and the vast majority of P2 renderings use some form of “drink.” “Drink” is natural, simple, and easily inflected for person/tense, and it also covers the common figurative uses (e.g., ‘drink the cup’ = endure/experience, ‘drink in’ = absorb) without forcing awkward alternatives. Frequency and typical usage favor “drink” as the consistent base verb.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
a prolonged form of ; which (together with another form) ; occurs only as an alternate in certain tenses; to imbibe (literally or figuratively):--drink.
Root Family
πιν- (pínax) — flat board, tablet, plate, platter
Word Forms
25 distinct forms
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G4095-07 |
πιεῖν | piein | V AOR ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink | 8 |
G4095-18 |
πίνων | pinon | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
drinking | drinking | the one drinking | 8 |
G4095-21 |
πίω | pio | V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
I drink | that I may drink | that I may drink | 6 |
G4095-05 |
πεῖν | pein | V AOR ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink | 5 |
G4095-15 |
πίνετε | pinete | V PRS ACT IND 2P PL |
you drink | you (plural) are drinking | you (plural) are drinking | 5 |
G4095-11 |
πίητε | piete | V AOR ACT SUBJ 2P PL |
you will drink | you may drink | you all may drink | 4 |
G4095-14 |
πίνειν | pinein | V PRS ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink | 4 |
G4095-17 |
πίνω | pino | V PRS ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
drink | I may drink | I may drink | 4 |
G4095-02 |
ἔπινον | epinon | V IMPF ACT IND 3P PL |
they were drinking | they were drinking | they were drinking | 3 |
G4095-06 |
πίῃ | pie | V AOR ACT SUBJ 3P SG |
drink | may drink | may drink | 3 |
Occurrences in Scripture
72 occurrences
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G4095-11 |
Matthew 6:25 | πίητε | piete | V AOR ACT SUBJ 2P PL |
you will drink | you may drink | you all may drink |
G4095-22 |
Matthew 6:31 | πίωμεν | piomen | V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P PL |
shall we drink | let us drink | we will drink |
G4095-18 |
Matthew 11:18 | πίνων | pinon | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
drinking | drinking | the one drinking |
G4095-18 |
Matthew 11:19 | πίνων | pinon | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
drinking | drinking | the one drinking |
G4095-07 |
Matthew 20:22 | πιεῖν | piein | V AOR ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-14 |
Matthew 20:22 | πίνειν | pinein | V PRS ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-09 |
Matthew 20:23 | πίεσθε | piesthe | V FUT MID IND 2P PL |
you will drink | you yourselves will drink | you yourselves will drink |
G4095-19 |
Matthew 24:38 | πίνοντες | pinontes | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M PL |
drinking | those drinking | drinking |
G4095-12 |
Matthew 24:49 | πίνῃ | pine | V PRS ACT SUBJ 3P SG |
to drink | may drink | may drink |
G4095-11 |
Matthew 26:27 | πίετε | piete | V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL |
Drink | you may drink | you all may drink |
G4095-21 |
Matthew 26:29 | πίω | pio | V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
I drink | that I may drink | that I may drink |
G4095-17 |
Matthew 26:29 | πίνω | pino | V PRS ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
I drink | I may drink | I may drink |
G4095-21 |
Matthew 26:42 | πίω | pio | V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
I drink | that I may drink | that I may drink |
G4095-07 |
Matthew 27:34 | πιεῖν | piein | V AOR ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-07 |
Matthew 27:34 | πιεῖν | piein-2 | V AOR ACT INF |
drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-07 |
Mark 10:38 | πιεῖν | piein | V AOR ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-17 |
Mark 10:38 | πίνω | pino | V PRS ACT IND 1P SG |
drink | I may drink | am drinking |
G4095-17 |
Mark 10:39 | πίνω | pino | V PRS ACT IND 1P SG |
drink | I may drink | I may drink |
G4095-09 |
Mark 10:39 | πίεσθε | piesthe | V FUT MID IND 2P PL |
you will drink | you yourselves will drink | you yourselves will drink |
G4095-04 |
Mark 14:23 | ἔπιον | epion | V AOR ACT IND 3P PL |
they drank | they drank | they drank |
G4095-21 |
Mark 14:25 | πίω | pio | V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
I drink | that I may drink | that I may drink |
G4095-17 |
Mark 14:25 | πίνω | pino | V PRS ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
I drink | I may drink | I may drink |
G4095-24 |
Mark 16:18 | πίωσιν | piosin | V AOR ACT SUBJ 3P PL |
they drink | they might drink | they drink |
G4095-06 |
Luke 1:15 | πίῃ | pie | V AOR ACT SUBJ 3P SG |
he may drink | may drink | may drink |
G4095-15 |
Luke 5:30 | πίνετε | pinete | V PRS ACT IND 2P PL |
drink | you (plural) are drinking | you (plural) are drinking |
G4095-20 |
Luke 5:33 | πίνουσιν | pinousin | V PRS ACT IND 3P PL |
drink | they drink | they drink |
G4095-23 |
Luke 5:39 | πιὼν | pion | V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
after drinking | having drunk | having drunk |
G4095-18 |
Luke 7:33 | πίνων | pinon | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
drinking | drinking | the one drinking |
G4095-18 |
Luke 7:34 | πίνων | pinon | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
drinking | drinking | the one drinking |
G4095-19 |
Luke 10:7 | πίνοντες | pinontes | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M PL |
drinking | those drinking | drinking |
G4095-06 |
Luke 12:19 | πίε | pie | V AOR ACT IMP 2P SG |
drink | may drink | drink |
G4095-11 |
Luke 12:29 | πίητε | piete | V AOR ACT SUBJ 2P PL |
you will drink | you may drink | you all may drink |
G4095-14 |
Luke 12:45 | πίνειν | pinein | V PRS ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-03 |
Luke 13:26 | ἐπίομεν | epiomen | V AOR ACT IND 1P PL |
we drank | we drank | we drank |
G4095-21 |
Luke 17:8 | πίω | pio | V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
and drunk | that I may drink | that I may drink |
G4095-08 |
Luke 17:8 | πίεσαι | piesai | V FUT MID IND 2P SG |
drink | you will drink for yourself | you will drink |
G4095-02 |
Luke 17:27 | ἔπινον | epinon | V IMPF ACT IND 3P PL |
they were drinking | they were drinking | they were drinking |
G4095-02 |
Luke 17:28 | ἔπινον | epinon | V IMPF ACT IND 3P PL |
they were drinking | they were drinking | they were drinking |
G4095-21 |
Luke 22:18 | πίω | pio | V AOR ACT SUBJ 1P SG |
I drink | that I may drink | that I may drink |
G4095-15 |
Luke 22:30 | πίνητε | pinete | V PRS ACT SUBJ 2P PL |
drink | you (plural) are drinking | you may drink |
G4095-05 |
John 4:7 | πεῖν | pein | V AOR ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-05 |
John 4:9 | πεῖν | pein | V AOR ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-05 |
John 4:10 | πεῖν | pein | V AOR ACT INF |
to drink | to drink | to drink |
G4095-01 |
John 4:12 | ἔπιεν | epien | V AOR ACT IND 3P SG |
drank | he/she drank | he/she drank |
G4095-18 |
John 4:13 | πίνων | pinon | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
drinks | drinking | the one drinking |
G4095-06 |
John 4:14 | πίῃ | pie | V AOR ACT SUBJ 3P SG |
drinks | may drink | may drink |
G4095-11 |
John 6:53 | πίητε | piete | V AOR ACT SUBJ 2P PL |
drink | you may drink | you all may drink |
G4095-18 |
John 6:54 | πίνων | pinon | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
drinks | drinking | the one drinking |
G4095-18 |
John 6:56 | πίνων | pinon | V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG |
drinks | drinking | the one drinking |
G4095-16 |
John 7:37 | πινέτω | pineto | V PRS ACT IMP 3P SG |
let him drink | let him drink | let him drink |