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παροργίζω

parorgízō

G3949 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

to provoke to anger, to incite to wrath; in active sense, to cause someone to become angry, to irritate; in passive or reflexive constructions, to become angry or allow oneself to be provoked to anger. The primary lexical sense involves the deliberate or unintended arousal of strong anger in another. Secondarily, it can refer simply to becoming angry oneself, though most NT occurrences are in the causative sense.

Semantic Range

to provoke to anger, to incite to wrath, to irritate, to cause to become angry, to arouse wrath, to embitter

Root / Etymology

Compound verb from παρά (beside, alongside) and ὀργίζω (to make angry, to be angry), thus 'to set anger beside,' i.e., to arouse anger in another or beside oneself.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In Hellenistic and Koine sources, παροργίζω is primarily used in transitive, causative sense—meaning 'to provoke to anger,' often with a negative moral nuance of causing another to lose composure. Classical sources use the simple verb ὀργίζω for 'become angry,' while the prefixed παροργίζω intensifies the causality (arousing anger in another or in oneself more forcibly). In the Septuagint, especially in books like Deuteronomy and Psalms, it often translates Hebrew verbs such as כעס ('to provoke anger'), typically with Israelite actions provoking divine anger. In the New Testament (notably Ephesians 6:4), it cautions against provoking children to anger—implying responsibility for causing another's emotional response. Mainstream English translations tend to flatten the nuance as simply 'provoke to anger' or 'provoke,' but the Greek highlights an active prompting or inciting of wrath, not mere irritation. The verb should be distinguished from similar terms like ἐρεθίζω, which more generally means 'to stir up, irritate.'

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from παρά and ὀργίζω; to anger alongside, i.e. enrage:--anger, provoke to wrath.

Root Family

παροργίζω (parorgizō) — to anger, to provoke, to enrage

Root ὀργ- to anger, to provoke, to enrage

Word Forms

2 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G3949-01 παροργιῶ parorgio V FUT ACT IND 1P SG will anger I will provoke to anger I will provoke to anger 1
G3949-02 παροργίζετε parorgizete V PRS ACT IMP 2P PL provoke to anger provoke to anger provoke to anger 1

Occurrences in Scripture

2 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G3949-01 Romans 10:19 παροργιῶ parorgio V FUT ACT IND 1P SG will anger I will provoke to anger I will provoke to anger
G3949-02 Ephesians 6:4 παροργίζετε parorgizete V PRS ACT IMP 2P PL provoke to anger provoke to anger provoke to anger
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