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καρπός

karpós

G2590 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

The product or yield of plants, especially edible fruit; by extension, outcome, result, or benefit resulting from a process or action. In literal contexts, refers to the physical fruit, grain, or produce of trees and plants; figuratively, denotes the result or effect of an action or condition, such as moral qualities, deeds, or offspring.

Semantic Range

edible fruit, produce of plants, harvest, crop, yield, result, effect, outcome, benefit, deeds, progeny, reward

Root / Etymology

From the root καρπ-; possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *kerp- ('to pluck, harvest'), but direct connection to ἁρπάζω is unlikely. Cognate with other Indo-European words for harvesting or plucking.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In Classical Greek, καρπός primarily refers to the fruit or produce of a plant, especially as harvested or usable (not merely present or growing), and by extension to any yield or result. In Hellenistic and Koine Greek, including the Septuagint and New Testament, the term is used both in agricultural contexts and as a metaphor for outcomes, deeds, or children. In metaphorical usage, καρπός frequently refers to results of conduct or work—such as 'fruit of righteousness' or 'fruit of lips.' The figurative extension to moral, spiritual, or social 'fruits' is prominent in Jewish and early Christian literature. English translation as 'fruit' is generally appropriate, but in abstract or metaphorical uses, broader terms like 'outcome' or 'result' may better reflect the semantic range. The word should not be confused with καρπόω or καρποφορέω (to bear fruit), which are related verbs. There is no significant shift in basic meaning from classical to Koine, though metaphorical uses become more prominent in ethical and religious discourse.

Translation Consistency

primary "fruit" 49 occurrences

'Fruit' is by far the most common and natural English rendering in the data (52 of 65 occurrences) and matches the primary literal sense (edible produce, crop) while smoothly covering the figurative senses (result, outcome, deeds, offspring). It is a natural, idiomatic word in English for both singular and plural contexts ('fruit'/'fruits') and will allow consistent, readable renderings across all forms of G2590.

✓ All renderings match approved senses

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

probably from the base of ἁρπάζω; fruit (as plucked), literally or figuratively:--fruit.

Root Family

καρπ- (ákarpos) — fruit, produce, yield

Root καρπ- fruit, produce, yield, outcome
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
G175 ἄκαρπος fruitless things
G2591 Κάρπος to Carpus

Word Forms

4 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G2590-01 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit 43
G2590-04 καρποὺς karpous N ACC M PL fruit fruits fruits 11
G2590-02 καρπὸς karpos N NOM M SG fruit fruit fruit 8
G2590-03 καρποῦ karpou N GEN M SG fruit of fruit fruit 4

Occurrences in Scripture

66 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G2590-01 Matthew 3:8 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Matthew 3:10 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Matthew 7:16 καρπῶν karpon N GEN M PL fruits fruit fruit
G2590-04 Matthew 7:17 καρποὺς karpous N ACC M PL fruit fruits fruits
G2590-04 Matthew 7:17 καρποὺς karpous-2 N ACC M PL fruit fruits fruits
G2590-04 Matthew 7:18 καρποὺς karpous N ACC M PL fruit fruits fruits
G2590-04 Matthew 7:18 καρποὺς karpous-2 N ACC M PL fruit fruits good fruits
G2590-01 Matthew 7:19 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Matthew 7:20 καρπῶν karpon N GEN M PL fruits fruit fruit
G2590-01 Matthew 12:33 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Matthew 12:33 καρπὸν karpon-2 N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-03 Matthew 12:33 καρποῦ karpou N GEN M SG fruit of fruit fruit
G2590-01 Matthew 13:8 καρπόν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Matthew 13:26 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG grain fruit fruit
G2590-02 Matthew 21:19 καρπὸς karpos N NOM M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Matthew 21:34 καρπῶν karpon N GEN M PL fruits fruit fruit
G2590-04 Matthew 21:34 καρποὺς karpous N ACC M PL fruits fruits fruits
G2590-04 Matthew 21:41 καρποὺς karpous N ACC M PL fruits fruits fruits
G2590-04 Matthew 21:43 καρποὺς karpous N ACC M PL fruits fruits fruits
G2590-01 Mark 4:7 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Mark 4:8 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-02 Mark 4:29 καρπός karpos N NOM M SG crop fruit fruit
G2590-01 Mark 11:14 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit
G2590-01 Mark 12:2 καρπῶν karpon N GEN M PL fruits fruit fruit
G2590-02 Luke 1:42 καρπὸς karpos N NOM M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-04 Luke 3:8 καρποὺς karpous N ACC M PL fruits fruits fruits
G2590-01 Luke 3:9 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Luke 6:43 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Luke 6:43 καρπὸν karpon-2 N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-03 Luke 6:44 καρποῦ karpou N GEN M SG fruit of fruit fruit
G2590-01 Luke 8:8 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-04 Luke 12:17 καρπούς karpous N ACC M PL crops fruits fruits
G2590-01 Luke 13:6 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Luke 13:7 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Luke 13:9 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-03 Luke 20:10 καρποῦ karpou N GEN M SG fruit of fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 4:36 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 12:24 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 15:2 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 15:2 καρπὸν karpon-2 N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 15:2 καρπὸν karpon-3 N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 15:4 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 15:5 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 15:8 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 John 15:16 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-02 John 15:16 καρπὸς karpos N NOM M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-03 Acts 2:30 καρποῦ karpou N GEN M SG fruit of fruit fruit
G2590-01 Romans 1:13 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Romans 6:21 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
G2590-01 Romans 6:22 καρπὸν karpon N ACC M SG fruit fruit fruit
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