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ἔτος

étos

G2094 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

A period of one year; a full cycle of twelve months or a standard measure of a year’s duration. In broader contexts, ἔτος refers to a specific year (in reference to chronology or historical events) or, in the plural, to multiple years or long periods of time. The term may also indicate annual cycles such as seasons or times recurring every year.

Semantic Range

year, period of a year, anniversary, cycle of a year, years (in the plural), long stretches of time

Root / Etymology

The word ἔτος is a primary Greek term not transparently derived from a common Indo-European root; its exact etymology is debated among linguists. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages related to time or years, but its morphological origin within Greek is obscure.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In classical Greek, ἔτος designates a year as a standard unit, particularly useful for recording events, historical chronologies, anniversaries, and official timekeeping (such as annual magistracies or festivals). In the Hellenistic and Koine periods, including the Septuagint and New Testament, ἔτος continues to serve as the regular term for 'year,' whether in singular (a particular year) or plural (years, a period of years). The term could denote the completion of an annual cycle in ritual, agricultural, or fiscal contexts. The English translation as 'year' is generally appropriate, but the cultural specificity of what constituted a 'year' (lunar, lunisolar, or solar) might vary across Greco-Roman and Judean calendars. Ἔτος does not carry religious or ethnographic connotations; it is distinct from more conceptually laden terms like καιρός (appointed time or season).

Translation Consistency

primary "year" 49 occurrences

'Year' is the natural, common English equivalent for ἔτος and covers the primary senses (a single year, specific year, annual cycle). It matches the overwhelming usage pattern (singular base with plural inflection as needed) and is more natural than alternatives like 'period' or 'cycle.' All forms can be rendered by inflecting this base (year/years, the year, every year, in the year, etc.).

✓ All renderings match approved senses

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

apparently a primary word; a year:--year.

Root Family

ἔτος (étos) — year, annual cycle, period of one year

Root ἔτος year, annual cycle, period of one year

Word Forms

6 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G2094-01 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years 29
G2094-05 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years 15
G2094-06 ἔτος etos N ACC N SG year a year year 2
G2094-02 ἔτει etei N DAT N SG year in a year year 1
G2094-03 ἔτεσι etesi N DAT N PL years in years in years 1
G2094-04 ἔτεσιν etesin N DAT N PL years in years years 1

Occurrences in Scripture

49 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G2094-01 Matthew 9:20 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Mark 5:25 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 Mark 5:42 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-01 Luke 2:36 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 Luke 2:37 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-06 Luke 2:41 ἔτος etos N ACC N SG year a year year
G2094-05 Luke 2:42 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-02 Luke 3:1 ἔτει etei N DAT N SG year in a year year
G2094-05 Luke 3:23 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-01 Luke 4:25 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 Luke 8:42 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-05 Luke 8:43 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-01 Luke 12:19 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Luke 13:7 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-06 Luke 13:8 ἔτος etos N ACC N SG year a year year
G2094-01 Luke 13:11 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Luke 13:16 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Luke 15:29 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-04 John 2:20 ἔτεσιν etesin N DAT N PL years in years years
G2094-01 John 5:5 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 John 8:57 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 Acts 4:22 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-01 Acts 7:6 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 Acts 7:30 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-01 Acts 7:36 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Acts 7:42 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 Acts 9:33 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-03 Acts 13:20 ἔτεσι etesi N DAT N PL years in years in years
G2094-01 Acts 13:21 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Acts 19:10 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 Acts 24:10 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-05 Acts 24:17 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-05 Romans 15:23 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-05 2 Corinthians 12:2 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-01 Galatians 1:18 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 Galatians 2:1 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-01 Galatians 3:17 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-05 1 Timothy 5:9 ἐτῶν eton N GEN N PL years of years of years
G2094-01 Hebrews 1:12 ἔτη ete N NOM N PL years years years
G2094-01 Hebrews 3:10 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Hebrews 3:17 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 2 Peter 3:8 ἔτη ete N NOM N PL years years years
G2094-01 2 Peter 3:8 ἔτη ete-2 N NOM N PL years years years
G2094-01 Revelation 20:2 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Revelation 20:3 ἔτη ete N NOM N PL years years years
G2094-01 Revelation 20:4 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Revelation 20:5 ἔτη ete N NOM N PL years years years
G2094-01 Revelation 20:6 ἔτη ete N ACC N PL years years years
G2094-01 Revelation 20:7 ἔτη ete N NOM N PL years years years
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