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ἐπιγινώσκω

epiginṓskō

G1921 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To know thoroughly, to recognize, to perceive clearly; primary sense is 'to know with added specificity or completeness.' The term indicates a deeper or fuller perception, including recognizing, discerning, or coming to a clear understanding of something or someone after careful consideration or observation. It can also convey acknowledgment or confession in certain contexts.

Semantic Range

to know fully, to know accurately, to recognize, to perceive with certainty, to acknowledge, to discern, to come to understand, to confess

Root / Etymology

From the preposition ἐπί (upon, on) prefixed to the verb γινώσκω (to know), forming a compound that intensifies the base meaning, implying knowledge that is fuller, more complete, or in some way added to the basic act of knowing.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In classical Greek, ἐπιγινώσκω is used for knowing upon further examination, recognizing someone after an absence, or arriving at a fuller understanding. In the Koine period and the New Testament, it often involves a distinction between basic knowledge (γινώσκω) and more complete or confirmed knowing (ἐπιγινώσκω), which may include recognition, realization, or acknowledgment—whether of facts, people, or truths. It is used for acts of recognition (such as recognizing a person), as well as for attaining certain or deep knowledge. In some contexts, it can convey formal acknowledgement or confession (e.g., acknowledging someone to be something, or confessing facts about them). English 'recognize' or 'discern' can sometimes capture its nuance, though the term is broader and more specific than merely 'know.' In English Bible translation, it is sometimes translated similarly to γινώσκω, which may obscure its emphasis on fullness or depth of knowledge.

Translation Consistency

primary "know" 13 occurrences

epiginōskō primarily denotes coming to know or recognize thoroughly. 'Know' is the natural, broad English verb that covers the typical senses (know fully, recognize, discern, come to understand) while allowing inflected forms to show nuance; it keeps rendering consistent and natural.

Alternatives (31 occurrences):
"having fully recognized" (11x) "fully recognized" (7x) "fully recognize" (4x) "fully" (3x) "having fully" (2x) "fully recognizing" (2x) "recognized" (1x) "him fully recognize" (1x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from ἐπί and γινώσκω; to know upon some mark, i.e. recognize; by implication, to become fully acquainted with, to acknowledge:--(ac-, have, take)know(-ledge, well), perceive.

Root Family

γινωσκ- (epiginṓskō) — to know, to perceive, to recognize

Root γινωσκ- to know, to perceive, to recognize

Word Forms

21 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G1921-15 ἐπιγνόντες epignontes V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL having recognized having fully recognized having fully recognized 5
G1921-19 ἐπιγνοὺς epignous V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG perceiving having fully recognized having fully recognized 5
G1921-05 ἐπέγνωσαν epegnosan V AOR ACT IND 3P PL they recognize they fully recognized they fully recognized 4
G1921-14 ἐπιγνῶναι epignonai V AOR ACT INF to know to fully recognize to fully recognize 4
G1921-01 ἐπεγίνωσκον epeginoskon V IMPF ACT IND 3P PL they recognized they were fully recognizing they were fully knowing 3
G1921-10 ἐπιγινώσκετε epiginoskete V PRS ACT IMP 2P PL acknowledge Keep fully recognizing! you are fully recognizing 3
G1921-17 ἐπιγνώσεσθε epignosesthe V FUT MID IND 2P PL you will know you will fully know for yourselves you will fully know for yourselves 3
G1921-07 ἐπέγνωτε epegnote V AOR ACT IND 2P PL knew you fully recognized you fully recognized 2
G1921-08 ἐπιγινώσκει epiginoskei V PRS ACT IND 3P SG knows fully knows fully knows 2
G1921-20 ἐπιγνοῦσα epignousa V AOR ACT PTCP NOM F SG having learned having fully recognized having fully known 2

Occurrences in Scripture

44 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G1921-17 Matthew 7:16 ἐπιγνώσεσθε epignosesthe V FUT MID IND 2P PL you will know you will fully know for yourselves you will fully know for yourselves
G1921-17 Matthew 7:20 ἐπιγνώσεσθε epignosesthe V FUT MID IND 2P PL you will know you will fully know for yourselves you will fully know for yourselves
G1921-08 Matthew 11:27 ἐπιγινώσκει epiginoskei V PRS ACT IND 3P SG knows fully knows fully knows
G1921-08 Matthew 11:27 ἐπιγινώσκει epiginoskei-2 V PRS ACT IND 3P SG knows fully knows fully knows
G1921-15 Matthew 14:35 ἐπιγνόντες epignontes V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL having recognized having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-05 Matthew 17:12 ἐπέγνωσαν epegnosan V AOR ACT IND 3P PL they recognize they fully recognized they fully recognized
G1921-19 Mark 2:8 ἐπιγνοὺς epignous V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG perceiving having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-19 Mark 5:30 ἐπιγνοὺς epignous V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG perceiving having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-05 Mark 6:33 ἐπέγνωσαν epegnosan V AOR ACT IND 3P PL recognized they fully recognized they fully recognized
G1921-15 Mark 6:54 ἐπιγνόντες epignontes V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL recognized having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-16 Luke 1:4 ἐπιγνῷς epignos V AOR ACT SUBJ 2P SG you might know you may fully know you may fully know
G1921-05 Luke 1:22 ἐπέγνωσαν epegnosan V AOR ACT IND 3P PL they perceived they fully recognized they fully recognized
G1921-19 Luke 5:22 ἐπιγνοὺς epignous V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG having perceived having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-20 Luke 7:37 ἐπιγνοῦσα epignousa V AOR ACT PTCP NOM F SG having learned having fully recognized having fully known
G1921-19 Luke 23:7 ἐπιγνοὺς epignous V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG having recognized having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-14 Luke 24:16 ἐπιγνῶναι epignonai V AOR ACT INF recognizing to fully recognize to fully recognize
G1921-05 Luke 24:31 ἐπέγνωσαν epegnosan V AOR ACT IND 3P PL they recognized they fully recognized they fully recognized
G1921-01 Acts 3:10 ἐπεγίνωσκον epeginoskon V IMPF ACT IND 3P PL they recognized they were fully recognizing they were fully knowing
G1921-01 Acts 4:13 ἐπεγίνωσκόν epeginoskon V IMPF ACT IND 3P PL they recognized they were fully recognizing they were fully knowing
G1921-15 Acts 9:30 ἐπιγνόντες epignontes V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL having learned having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-20 Acts 12:14 ἐπιγνοῦσα epignousa V AOR ACT PTCP NOM F SG she recognized having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-15 Acts 19:34 ἐπιγνόντες epignontes V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL having recognized having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-13 Acts 22:24 ἐπιγνῷ epigno V AOR ACT SUBJ 3P SG he might know he may fully know he may fully know
G1921-19 Acts 22:29 ἐπιγνοὺς epignous V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG having realized having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-14 Acts 23:28 ἐπιγνῶναι epignonai V AOR ACT INF to know to fully recognize to fully recognize
G1921-14 Acts 24:8 ἐπιγνῶναι epignonai V AOR ACT INF to ascertain to fully recognize to fully recognize
G1921-14 Acts 24:11 ἐπιγνῶναι epignonai V AOR ACT INF to know to fully recognize to fully recognize
G1921-09 Acts 25:10 ἐπιγινώσκεις epiginoskeis V PRS ACT IND 2P SG know you fully know know exactly
G1921-01 Acts 27:39 ἐπεγίνωσκον epeginoskon V IMPF ACT IND 3P PL they recognized they were fully recognizing they recognized
G1921-04 Acts 28:1 ἐπέγνωμεν epegnomen V AOR ACT IND 1P PL we recognized we fully recognized we fully recognized
G1921-15 Romans 1:32 ἐπιγνόντες epignontes V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL having-known having fully recognized having fully recognized
G1921-18 1 Corinthians 13:12 ἐπιγνώσομαι epignosomai V FUT MID IND 1P SG I will know fully I will fully know I will fully know
G1921-06 1 Corinthians 13:12 ἐπεγνώσθην epegnosthen V AOR PASS IND 1P SG I have been fully known I was fully known I was fully known
G1921-11 1 Corinthians 14:37 ἐπιγινωσκέτω epiginosketo V PRS ACT IMP 3P SG let him recognize let him fully recognize let him fully recognize
G1921-10 1 Corinthians 16:18 ἐπιγινώσκετε epiginoskete V PRS ACT IMP 2P PL acknowledge Keep fully recognizing! Keep fully knowing!
G1921-10 2 Corinthians 1:13 ἐπιγινώσκετε epiginoskete V PRS ACT IND 2P PL you acknowledge Keep fully recognizing! you are fully recognizing
G1921-17 2 Corinthians 1:13 ἐπιγνώσεσθε epignosesthe V FUT MID IND 2P PL you will acknowledge you will fully know for yourselves you will fully know for yourselves
G1921-07 2 Corinthians 1:14 ἐπέγνωτε epegnote V AOR ACT IND 2P PL you acknowledged you fully recognized you fully recognized
G1921-12 2 Corinthians 6:9 ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι epiginoskomenoi V PRS PASS PTCP NOM M PL well known being fully known being fully known
G1921-10 2 Corinthians 13:5 ἐπιγινώσκετε epiginoskete V PRS ACT IND 2P PL recognize Keep fully recognizing! are fully recognizing
G1921-07 Colossians 1:6 ἐπέγνωτε epegnote V AOR ACT IND 2P PL knew you fully recognized you fully recognized
G1921-03 1 Timothy 4:3 ἐπεγνωκόσι epegnokosi V PRF ACT PTCP DAT M PL have known to those having fully known to those who have known fully
G1921-02 2 Peter 2:21 ἐπεγνωκέναι epegnokenai V PRF ACT INF to have known to have fully known to have fully known
G1921-21 2 Peter 2:21 ἐπιγνοῦσιν epignousin V AOR ACT PTCP DAT M PL having known having fully known having fully known
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