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γεωργός

geōrgós

G1092 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

A person who works the land; specifically, an individual engaged in cultivating, tending, or managing agricultural fields or vineyards. In Koine Greek contexts, typically one who tills the soil or tends crops, sometimes with a focus on vine cultivation; can denote a tenant-farmer or sharecropper responsible to a landowner.

Semantic Range

farmer, cultivator, land-worker, husbandman, tenant-farmer, vine-tender; one who tills or manages agricultural fields or vineyards

Root / Etymology

From γῆ (earth, soil, land) and ἔργον (work, act, deed); literally 'one who works the earth'. Consistently formed in Greek from its constituent parts.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In classical and Hellenistic Greek, γεωργός referred broadly to an agricultural laborer, especially one directly involved with tilling and crop production. In the socio-economic context of the Greco-Roman world, γεωργοί were often tenants or sharecroppers (especially in contrast to wealthy landowners), with responsibilities for cultivating land owned by others. In the Septuagint, γεωργός frequently translates Hebrew terms related to farming and vineyard-tending. In the New Testament, notably in parables (e.g., Mark 12:1-9), γεωργοί often represent figures subordinate to an absentee landowner. English translations traditionally render the word as 'farmer' or 'husbandman'; however, 'tenant-farmer' or 'vine-dresser' may be more precise in several contexts, especially where the focus is on the relationship to the landowner and the economic or social hierarchy of agricultural labor. Not to be confused with ἀμπελουργός (ampelourgos), which more explicitly means 'vine-dresser.' Use of 'husbandman' in older English translations reflects an archaic term for farmer.

Translation Consistency

primary "farmer" 14 occurrences

"Farmer" is the most natural, common English noun that covers the full semantic range of γεωργός (cultivator, land‑worker, tenant‑farmer, vine‑tender). It is clearer and more modern than alternatives like "husbandman" or "vinedresser," matches the typical Koine usage, and aligns with the majority of existing P2 renderings.

Alternatives (5 occurrences):
"land-workers" (5x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from γῆ and the base of ἔργον; a land-worker, i.e. farmer:--husbandman.

Root Family

γεωργός (geōrgos) — land-worker, cultivator, farmer, one who works the earth

Root γεωργ- to work the land, to cultivate

Word Forms

5 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G1092-02 γεωργοῖς georgois N DAT M PL to farmers to the land-workers to the farmers 5
G1092-01 γεωργοὶ georgoi N NOM M PL tenant-farmers land-workers land-workers 5
G1092-05 γεωργοὺς georgous N ACC M PL vine-growers land-workers farmers 5
G1092-03 γεωργῶν georgon N GEN M PL farmer of land-workers farmer 2
G1092-04 γεωργός georgos N NOM M SG farmer land-worker farmer 2

Occurrences in Scripture

19 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G1092-02 Matthew 21:33 γεωργοῖς georgois N DAT M PL to farmers to the land-workers to the farmers
G1092-05 Matthew 21:34 γεωργοὺς georgous N ACC M PL husbandmen land-workers farmers
G1092-01 Matthew 21:35 γεωργοὶ georgoi N NOM M PL vine-growers land-workers land-workers
G1092-01 Matthew 21:38 γεωργοὶ georgoi N NOM M PL tenant-farmers land-workers land-workers
G1092-02 Matthew 21:40 γεωργοῖς georgois N DAT M PL farmers to the land-workers to the farmers
G1092-02 Matthew 21:41 γεωργοῖς georgois N DAT M PL tenants to the land-workers to the farmers
G1092-02 Mark 12:1 γεωργοῖς georgois N DAT M PL to farmers to the land-workers to the farmers
G1092-05 Mark 12:2 γεωργοὺς georgous N ACC M PL vine-growers land-workers farmers
G1092-03 Mark 12:2 γεωργῶν georgon N GEN M PL vine-growers of land-workers farmers
G1092-01 Mark 12:7 γεωργοὶ georgoi N NOM M PL husbandmen land-workers land-workers
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