הֵמַ֥ר
𐤄𐤌𐤓
mârar
has dealt bitterly
To be or become bitter, to experience or cause bitterness. The verb encompasses both a literal sense—such as the taste of something sharp or acrid—and a figurative sense, including the experience of emotional distress, grief, or provocation. Used transitively, it can mean to embitter or make a situation hard to endure; intransitively, it indicates the state of being embittered or distressed.
Miruru "bitterness, harshness, or strong, pungent tastes" (Kikuyu)Ruth 1:20 · Word #11
Lexicon H4843
| Lemma | מָרַר |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤌𐤓𐤓 |
| Transliteration | mârar |
| Strong's | H4843 |
| Definition | To be or become bitter, to experience or cause bitterness. The verb encompasses both a literal sense—such as the taste of something sharp or acrid—and a figurative sense, including the experience of emotional distress, grief, or provocation. Used transitively, it can mean to embitter or make a situation hard to endure; intransitively, it indicates the state of being embittered or distressed. |
Morphology HVhp3ms
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | h — Hiphil — Causative active |
| Conjugation | p — Perfect — Completed action |
| Person | 3 — 3rd person — Third person ("he/she/they") |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
Common Translation
| Phrase | has dealt bitterly |
SIBI-P1 Translation H4843-02
he embittered
| Morphological Notes | Verb; Hiphil (causative) stem; perfect conjugation; 3rd person masculine singular. |
| Rendering Rationale | The Hiphil stem gives a causative sense, so the verb means "to cause bitterness" rather than simply "to be bitter." The perfect 3ms form is rendered "he embittered," preserving both the causative force and masculine singular subject. |
View full lexicon entry for H4843 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
he has made bitter
| Same as P1 | No — adjusted for context |
| Rationale | Adjusted from 'he embittered' to 'he has made bitter' to render the intensive emotional action more clearly and accurately in context, as the context is about God's action affecting Naomi, and this English expression better conveys ongoing/resultative sense. |
Bantu Hebrew
הֵמַ֥ר (mârar) — To be or become bitter, to experience or cause bitterness. The verb encompasses both a literal sense—such as the taste of something sharp or acrid—and a figurative sense, including the experience of emotional distress, grief, or provocation. Used transitively, it can mean to embitter or make a situation hard to endure; intransitively, it indicates the state of being embittered or distressed.
| Word | Meaning | Language |
|---|---|---|
| Miruru | bitterness, harshness, or strong, pungent tastes | Kikuyu |