אוֹיֵֽב
𐤀𐤅𐤉𐤁
ʼôyêb
of the enemy
An adversary or enemy, specifically one who bears enmity or hostility toward another individual or group. The term encompasses both personal and collective opposition, often referring to enemies in armed conflict, but also extending to any context of antagonism or active opposition. In the Hebrew Bible, it designates those opposed to individuals (e.g., David's personal enemies), to the people as a group (Israelites' national foes), or, metaphorically, to abstract or cosmic adversaries.
Psalms 42:10 · Word #10
Lexicon H341
| Lemma | אֹיֵב |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤀𐤉𐤁 |
| Transliteration | ʼôyêb |
| Strong's | H341 |
| Definition | An adversary or enemy, specifically one who bears enmity or hostility toward another individual or group. The term encompasses both personal and collective opposition, often referring to enemies in armed conflict, but also extending to any context of antagonism or active opposition. In the Hebrew Bible, it designates those opposed to individuals (e.g., David's personal enemies), to the people as a group (Israelites' national foes), or, metaphorically, to abstract or cosmic adversaries. |
Morphology HVqrmsa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | q — Qal — Simple active |
| Conjugation | r — Participle Active — The one doing the action |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
Common Translation
| Phrase | of the enemy |
SIBI-P1 Translation H341-18
hostile one
| Morphological Notes | Qal active participle, masculine singular, absolute; functioning nominally. |
| Rendering Rationale | The form is a masculine singular Qal active participle from איב, meaning "to be hostile" or "to be an enemy." Rendering it as "hostile one" preserves the participial force (one who is acting in hostility) rather than using a static noun alone. |
View full lexicon entry for H341 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
of the enemy
| Same as P1 | No — adjusted for context |
| Rationale | 'Hostile one' is literal but lacks the specificity of 'enemy'. The psalmist refers to enemies; thus, 'of the enemy' matches both context and the SILEX definition. |