וְ/עַד֙
𐤅/𐤏𐤃
ʻad
and as far as
A preposition or conjunction indicating extension in space ('as far as,' 'up to,' 'toward'), time ('until,' 'during,' 'as long as'), or degree ('to the degree of,' 'as much as'). It introduces limits, boundaries, or durations—whether spatial, temporal, or quantitative—either inclusively or exclusively depending on context. Often used in temporal clauses to indicate an endpoint, in spatial clauses to set a boundary, or in comparative statements to express extent.
Joshua 11:8 · Word #10
Lexicon H5704
| Lemma | עַד |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤏𐤃 |
| Transliteration | ʻad |
| Strong's | H5704 |
| Definition | A preposition or conjunction indicating extension in space ('as far as,' 'up to,' 'toward'), time ('until,' 'during,' 'as long as'), or degree ('to the degree of,' 'as much as'). It introduces limits, boundaries, or durations—whether spatial, temporal, or quantitative—either inclusively or exclusively depending on context. Often used in temporal clauses to indicate an endpoint, in spatial clauses to set a boundary, or in comparative statements to express extent. |
Morphology HC/R
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | R — Preposition — Shows relationship between words |
Common Translation
| Phrase | and as far as |
SIBI-P1 Translation H5704-11
and up to
| Morphological Notes | Conjunction וְ + preposition עַד; inseparable prefixed conjunction attached to a boundary-marking preposition. |
| Rendering Rationale | The root עד conveys continuation or extension reaching a boundary. As a preposition meaning "up to/until," with prefixed conjunction וְ ("and"), the form is faithfully rendered "and up to," preserving both the conjunctive prefix and the boundary-marking sense. |
View full lexicon entry for H5704 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
and until
| Same as P1 | No — adjusted for context |
| Rationale | Changed from 'and up to' to 'and until' to parallel previous usage, maintaining idiomatic and contextual continuity with previous עַד. |