James 4
James attributes quarrels and fights among believers to internal passions and lusts, urging them to ask God rightly rather than with selfish motives, to submit to God, resist the devil, draw near to Him, and humble themselves, as God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble[1][2][3]. He warns against worldliness likened to spiritual adultery, boasts of arrogant plans ignoring life's brevity like a vapor, and stresses saying 'If the Lord wills' while noting that knowing good and not doing it is sin[1][3].
Interlinear Text
From where
from where
wars
wars
and
and
from where
from where
fightings
conflicts
among
in
you
to you all
not
not
hence
from here
of
out of
the
the
lusts
of sensual pleasures
your
of you (plural)
that
the
wage war
of those engaging in warfare
in
in
your
to the ones
members
to the limbs
your
of you (plural)
πόθεν
pothen
From where
from where
ADV
πόλεμοι
polemoi
wars
wars
N NOM M PL
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
πόθεν
pothen-2
from where
from where
ADV
μάχαι
machai
fightings
conflicts
N NOM F PL
ἐν
en
among
in
PREP DAT
ὑμῖν
umin
you
to you all
PRO.P 2P DAT PL
οὐκ
ouk
not
not
T
ἐντεῦθεν
enteuthen
hence
from here
ADV
ἐκ
ek
of
out of
PREP GEN
τῶν
ton
the
the
ART GEN F PL
ἡδονῶν
edonon
lusts
of sensual pleasures
N GEN F PL
ὑμῶν
umon
your
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
τῶν
ton-2
that
the
PRO.D GEN F PL
στρατευομένων
strateuomenon
wage war
of those engaging in warfare
V PRS MID PTCP GEN F PL
ἐν
en-2
in
in
PREP DAT
τοῖς
tois
your
to the ones
ART DAT N PL
μέλεσιν
melesin
members
to the limbs
N DAT N PL
ὑμῶν
umon-2
your
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
You lust
You intensely desire
and
and
not
not
have
you have
you murder
you are murdering
and
and
you envy
Be zealous
and
and
not
not
you are able
you are able
to obtain
to attain
you fight
you are engaging in conflict
and
and
you war
you wage war
not
not
have
you have
because of
through
the
to the
not
not (contingently)
ask
to ask for oneself
you
you all
ἐπιθυμεῖτε
epithumeite
You lust
You intensely desire
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
οὐκ
ouk
not
not
ADV
ἔχετε
echete
have
you have
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
φονεύετε
phoneuete
you murder
you are murdering
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
and
CONJ
ζηλοῦτε
zeloute
you envy
Be zealous
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
καὶ
kai-3
and
and
CONJ
οὐ
ou
not
not
ADV
δύνασθε
dunasthe
you are able
you are able
V PRS MID IND 2P PL
ἐπιτυχεῖν
epituchein
to obtain
to attain
V AOR ACT INF
μάχεσθε
machesthe
you fight
you are engaging in conflict
V PRS MID IND 2P PL
καὶ
kai-4
and
and
CONJ
πολεμεῖτε
polemeite
you war
you wage war
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
οὐκ
ouk-2
not
not
ADV
ἔχετε
echete-2
have
you have
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
διὰ
dia
because of
through
PREP ACC
τὸ
to
the
to the
PRO.D ACC N SG
μὴ
me
not
not (contingently)
ADV
αἰτεῖσθαι
aiteisthai
ask
to ask for oneself
V PRS MID INF
ὑμᾶς
umas
you
you all
PRO.P 2P ACC PL
You ask
keep asking
and
and
not
not
receive
you are receiving
because
because
amiss/wrongly
badly
you ask
you ask for yourselves
that
in order that
on/in
in
your
to the
pleasures
to sensual pleasures
your
of you (plural)
you may spend
you might spend
αἰτεῖτε
aiteite
You ask
keep asking
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
οὐ
ou
not
not
ADV
λαμβάνετε
lambanete
receive
you are receiving
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
διότι
dioti
because
because
CONJ.S
κακῶς
kakos
amiss/wrongly
badly
ADV
αἰτεῖσθε
aiteisthe
you ask
you ask for yourselves
V PRS MID IND 2P PL
ἵνα
ina
that
in order that
CONJ.S
ἐν
en
on/in
in
PREP DAT
ταῖς
tais
your
to the
ART DAT F PL
ἡδοναῖς
edonais
pleasures
to sensual pleasures
N DAT F PL
ὑμῶν
umon
your
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
δαπανήσητε
dapanesete
you may spend
you might spend
V AOR ACT SUBJ 2P PL
Adulteresses
Adulteresses!
not
not
do you know
you have seen and know
that
that
the
the
friendship
friendship
of the
of the
world
of the ordered world
enmity
in hostility
of
of the
God
of a god
is
is
whoever
as
if
if
therefore
therefore
wills
may intend
a friend
beloved friend
to be
to be
of the
of the
world
of the ordered world
enemy
hostile adversary
of
of the
God
of a god
is made
is being established
μοιχαλίδες
moichalides
Adulteresses
Adulteresses!
N VOC F PL
οὐκ
ouk
not
not
T
οἴδατε
oidate
do you know
you have seen and know
V PRF ACT IND 2P PL
ὅτι
oti
that
that
CONJ.S
ἡ
e
the
the
ART NOM F SG
φιλία
philia
friendship
friendship
N NOM F SG
τοῦ
tou
of the
of the
ART GEN M SG
κόσμου
kosmou
world
of the ordered world
N GEN M SG
ἔχθρα
echthra
enmity
in hostility
N NOM F SG
τοῦ
tou-2
of
of the
ART GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou
God
of a god
N GEN M SG
ἐστιν
estin
is
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
ὃς
os
whoever
as
PRO.R NOM M SG
ἐὰν
ean
if
if
T
οὖν
oun
therefore
therefore
CONJ
βουληθῇ
boulethe
wills
may intend
V AOR PASS SUBJ 3P SG
φίλος
philos
a friend
beloved friend
ADJ.S NOM M SG
εἶναι
einai
to be
to be
V PRS ACT INF
τοῦ
tou-3
of the
of the
ART GEN M SG
κόσμου
kosmou-2
world
of the ordered world
N GEN M SG
ἐχθρὸς
echthros
enemy
hostile adversary
ADJ.S NOM M SG
τοῦ
tou-4
of
of the
ART GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou-2
God
of a god
N GEN M SG
καθίσταται
kathistatai
is made
is being established
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
Or
or
do you think
you think
that
that
in vain
to no purpose
the
the
Scripture
authoritative writing
says
he/she says
to
toward
envy
resentful envy
yearns
deeply yearns
the
to the
Spirit
breath-spirit
that
which
He caused to dwell
he was settling (them) down to dwell
in
in
us
to us
ἢ
e
Or
or
CONJ
δοκεῖτε
dokeite
do you think
you think
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
ὅτι
oti
that
that
CONJ.S
κενῶς
kenos
in vain
to no purpose
ADV
ἡ
e-2
the
the
ART NOM F SG
Γραφὴ
graphe
Scripture
authoritative writing
N NOM F SG
λέγει
legei
says
he/she says
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
πρὸς
pros
to
toward
PREP ACC
φθόνον
phthonon
envy
resentful envy
N ACC M SG
ἐπιποθεῖ
epipothei
yearns
deeply yearns
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
τὸ
to
the
to the
ART NOM N SG
Πνεῦμα
pneuma
Spirit
breath-spirit
N NOM N SG
ὃ
o
that
which
PRO.R NOM N SG
κατῴκισεν
katokisen
He caused to dwell
he was settling (them) down to dwell
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
ἐν
en
in
in
PREP DAT
ἡμῖν
emin
us
to us
PRO.P 1P DAT PL
greater
greater things
but
now
He gives
he/she/it gives
grace
gracious favor
Therefore
for this reason
it says
he/she says
the
the
God
Divine Being
the proud
to the self-exalting ones
resists
sets himself against
the humble
to the humble ones
but
now
gives
he/she/it gives
grace
gracious favor
μείζονα
meizona
greater
greater things
ADJ.S ACC F SG
δὲ
de
but
now
CONJ
δίδωσιν
didosin
He gives
he/she/it gives
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
χάριν
charin
grace
gracious favor
N ACC F SG
διὸ
dio
Therefore
for this reason
CONJ
λέγει
legei
it says
he/she says
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
ὁ
o
the
the
ART NOM M SG
Θεὸς
theos
God
Divine Being
N NOM M SG
ὑπερηφάνοις
uperephanois
the proud
to the self-exalting ones
ADJ.S DAT M PL
ἀντιτάσσεται
antitassetai
resists
sets himself against
V PRS MID IND 3P SG
ταπεινοῖς
tapeinois
the humble
to the humble ones
ADJ.S DAT M PL
δὲ
de-2
but
now
CONJ
δίδωσιν
didosin-2
gives
he/she/it gives
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
χάριν
charin-2
grace
gracious favor
N ACC F SG
Submit yourselves
Be subordinated
therefore
therefore
to
to the
God
to a deity
Resist
Stand against
but
now
the
to the
devil
to the accuser
and
and
he will flee
he will flee
from
from
you
of you (plural)
ὑποτάγητε
upotagete
Submit yourselves
Be subordinated
V AOR PASS IMP 2P PL
οὖν
oun
therefore
therefore
CONJ
τῷ
to
to
to the
ART DAT M SG
Θεῷ
theo
God
to a deity
N DAT M SG
ἀντίστητε
antistete
Resist
Stand against
V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL
δὲ
de
but
now
CONJ
τῷ
to-2
the
to the
ART DAT M SG
διαβόλῳ
diabolo
devil
to the accuser
ADJ.S DAT M SG
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
φεύξεται
pheuxetai
he will flee
he will flee
V FUT MID IND 3P SG
ἀφ’
aph
from
from
PREP GEN
ὑμῶν
umon
you
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
Draw near
Draw near!
to
to the
God
to a deity
and
and
He will draw near
he will draw near
to you
to you all
Cleanse
Cleanse!
your hands
hands
you sinners
erring ones
and
and
purify
Purify!
your hearts
of heart
you double-minded
O two-minded ones
ἐγγίσατε
eggisate
Draw near
Draw near!
V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL
τῷ
to
to
to the
ART DAT M SG
Θεῷ
theo
God
to a deity
N DAT M SG
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
ἐγγιεῖ
eggiei
He will draw near
he will draw near
V FUT ACT IND 3P SG
ὑμῖν
umin
to you
to you all
PRO.P 2P DAT PL
καθαρίσατε
katharisate
Cleanse
Cleanse!
V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL
χεῖρας
cheiras
your hands
hands
N ACC F PL
ἁμαρτωλοί
amartoloi
you sinners
erring ones
ADJ.S VOC M PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
and
CONJ
ἁγνίσατε
agnisate
purify
Purify!
V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL
καρδίας
kardias
your hearts
of heart
N ACC F PL
δίψυχοι
dipsuchoi
you double-minded
O two-minded ones
ADJ.S VOC M PL
Be miserable
Become wretched
and
and
mourn
Mourn!
and
and
weep
Weep aloud!
the
the
laughter
laughter
your
of you (plural)
to
into
mourning
deep mourning
let be turned
let him/her/it be turned-about
and
and
the
the
joy
joy
to
into
gloom
downcast dejection
ταλαιπωρήσατε
talaiporesate
Be miserable
Become wretched
V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
πενθήσατε
penthesate
mourn
Mourn!
V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
and
CONJ
κλαύσατε
klausate
weep
Weep aloud!
V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL
ὁ
o
the
the
ART NOM M SG
γέλως
gelos
laughter
laughter
N NOM M SG
ὑμῶν
umon
your
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
εἰς
eis
to
into
PREP ACC
πένθος
penthos
mourning
deep mourning
N ACC N SG
μετατραπήτω
metatrapeto
let be turned
let him/her/it be turned-about
V AOR PASS IMP 3P SG
καὶ
kai-3
and
and
CONJ
ἡ
e
the
the
DET.P NOM F SG
χαρὰ
chara
joy
joy
N NOM F SG
εἰς
eis-2
to
into
PREP ACC
κατήφειαν
katepheian
gloom
downcast dejection
N ACC F SG
Humble yourselves
Be humbled
in the presence of
in the sight of
the Lord
of the master
and
and
He will exalt
he will lift up
you
you all
ταπεινώθητε
tapeinothete
Humble yourselves
Be humbled
V AOR PASS IMP 2P PL
ἐνώπιον
enopion
in the presence of
in the sight of
PREP GEN
Κυρίου
kuriou
the Lord
of the master
N GEN M SG
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
ὑψώσει
upsosei
He will exalt
he will lift up
V FUT ACT IND 3P SG
ὑμᾶς
umas
you
you all
PRO.P 2P ACC PL
Do not
not (contingently)
speak against
be slandering
one another
of one another
brothers
brothers
The one
the
who speaks against
the one slandering
a brother
of a brother
or
or
judges
the one judging
his
the
brother
a brother
his
of him
speaks against
slanders
the law
of the binding norm
and
and
judges
he/she decides
the law
a binding norm
If
if
but
now
the law
a binding norm
you judge
you are judging
not
not
you are
you are
a doer
maker
of the law
of the binding norm
but
but rather
a judge
judge
μὴ
me
Do not
not (contingently)
ADV
καταλαλεῖτε
katalaleite
speak against
be slandering
V PRS ACT IMP 2P PL
ἀλλήλων
allelon
one another
of one another
PRO GEN M PL
ἀδελφοί
adelphoi
brothers
brothers
N VOC M PL
ὁ
o
The one
the
PRO.D NOM M SG
καταλαλῶν
katalalon
who speaks against
the one slandering
V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG
ἀδελφοῦ
adelphou
a brother
of a brother
N GEN M SG
ἢ
e
or
or
CONJ
κρίνων
krinon
judges
the one judging
V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG
τὸν
ton
his
the
ART ACC M SG
ἀδελφὸν
adelphon
brother
a brother
N ACC M SG
αὐτοῦ
autou
his
of him
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
καταλαλεῖ
katalalei
speaks against
slanders
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
νόμου
nomou
the law
of the binding norm
N GEN M SG
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
κρίνει
krinei
judges
he/she decides
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
νόμον
nomon
the law
a binding norm
N ACC M SG
εἰ
ei
If
if
CONJ.S
δὲ
de
but
now
CONJ
νόμον
nomon-2
the law
a binding norm
N ACC M SG
κρίνεις
krineis
you judge
you are judging
V PRS ACT IND 2P SG
οὐκ
ouk
not
not
PART
εἶ
ei-2
you are
you are
V PRS ACT IND 2P SG
ποιητὴς
poietes
a doer
maker
N NOM M SG
νόμου
nomou-2
of the law
of the binding norm
N GEN M SG
ἀλλὰ
alla
but
but rather
CONJ.C
κριτής
krites
a judge
judge
N NOM M SG
one
into
is
is
lawgiver
law-establisher
and
and
judge
judge
the
the
one who is able
being able
to save
to rescue
and
and
to destroy
to cause to perish
you
you (singular)
but
now
who
who?
are
you are
the
the
judging
the one judging
the
the
neighbor
a nearby fellow
εἷς
eis
one
into
ADJ.P NOM M SG
ἐστιν
estin
is
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
νομοθέτης
nomothetes
lawgiver
law-establisher
N NOM M SG
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
κριτής
krites
judge
judge
N NOM M SG
ὁ
o
the
the
PRO.D NOM M SG
δυνάμενος
dunamenos
one who is able
being able
V PRS MID PTCP NOM M SG
σῶσαι
sosai
to save
to rescue
V AOR ACT INF
καὶ
kai-2
and
and
CONJ
ἀπολέσαι
apolesai
to destroy
to cause to perish
V AOR ACT INF
σὺ
su
you
you (singular)
PRO.P 2P NOM SG
δὲ
de
but
now
CONJ
τίς
tis
who
who?
PRO.Q NOM M SG
εἶ
ei
are
you are
V PRS ACT IND 2P SG
ὁ
o-2
the
the
PRO.D VOC M SG
κρίνων
krinon
judging
the one judging
V PRS ACT PTCP VOC M SG
τὸν
ton
the
the
DET.P ACC M SG
πλησίον
plesion
neighbor
a nearby fellow
ADJ.S ACC M SG
Come now
Lead on
now
now
who
the ones
say
saying
Today
today
or
or
tomorrow
on the next day
we will go
we will go
to
into
this
this one here
the
the (feminine singular)
city
a city
and
and
will spend
we will do
there
there
a year
an annual cycle
and
and
engage in business
we will trade as merchants
and
and
make a profit
we will gain
ἄγε
age
Come now
Lead on
V PRS ACT IMP 2P SG
νῦν
nun
now
now
ADV
οἱ
oi
who
the ones
PRO.D VOC M PL
λέγοντες
legontes
say
saying
V PRS ACT PTCP VOC M PL
σήμερον
semeron
Today
today
ADV
ἢ
e
or
or
CONJ
αὔριον
aurion
tomorrow
on the next day
ADV
πορευσόμεθα
poreusometha
we will go
we will go
V FUT MID IND 1P PL
εἰς
eis
to
into
PREP ACC
τήνδε
tende
this
this one here
DET ACC F SG
τὴν
ten
the
the (feminine singular)
ART ACC F SG
πόλιν
polin
city
a city
N ACC F SG
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
ποιήσομεν
poiesomen
will spend
we will do
V FUT ACT IND 1P PL
ἐκεῖ
ekei
there
there
ADV
ἐνιαυτὸν
eniauton
a year
an annual cycle
N ACC M SG
καὶ
kai-2
and
and
CONJ
ἐμπορευσόμεθα
emporeusometha
engage in business
we will trade as merchants
V FUT MID IND 1P PL
καὶ
kai-3
and
and
CONJ
κερδήσομεν
kerdesomen
make a profit
we will gain
V FUT ACT IND 1P PL
who
those who
do not
not
know
you yourselves understand
the
to the
of the
of the
tomorrow
on the next day
what
to what sort of
the
the
life
life
your
of you (plural)
vapor
vapor
for
for
you are
you are
the
the
for
toward
a little
a little
appearing
becoming visible
then
then, next
and
and
vanishing
being made unseen
οἵτινες
oitines
who
those who
PRO.R NOM M PL
οὐκ
ouk
do not
not
ADV
ἐπίστασθε
epistasthe
know
you yourselves understand
V PRS MID IND 2P PL
τὸ
to
the
to the
PRO.R ACC N SG
τῆς
tes
of the
of the
PRO.D GEN F SG
αὔριον
aurion
tomorrow
on the next day
ADV
ποία
poia
what
to what sort of
DET NOM F SG
ἡ
e
the
the
ART NOM F SG
ζωὴ
zoe
life
life
N NOM F SG
ὑμῶν
umon
your
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
ἀτμὶς
atmis
vapor
vapor
N NOM F SG
γάρ
gar
for
for
CONJ
ἐστε
este
you are
you are
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
ἡ
e-2
the
the
PRO.D NOM F SG
πρὸς
pros
for
toward
PREP ACC
ὀλίγον
oligon
a little
a little
PRO.I ACC N SG
φαινομένη
phainomene
appearing
becoming visible
V PRS MID PTCP NOM F SG
ἔπειτα
epeita
then
then, next
ADV
καὶ
kai
and
and
ADV
ἀφανιζομένη
aphanizomene
vanishing
being made unseen
V PRS PASS PTCP NOM F SG
Instead of
in place of
the
of the
to say
to speak
you
you all
If
if
the
the
Lord
master
wills
might intend
and
and
we will live
we will live
and
and
we will do
we will do
this
this
or
or
that
to that one
ἀντὶ
anti
Instead of
in place of
PREP GEN
τοῦ
tou
the
of the
PRO.D GEN N SG
λέγειν
legein
to say
to speak
V PRS ACT INF
ὑμᾶς
umas
you
you all
PRO.P 2P ACC PL
ἐὰν
ean
If
if
CONJ.S
ὁ
o
the
the
ART NOM M SG
Κύριος
kurios
Lord
master
N NOM M SG
θελήσῃ
thelese
wills
might intend
V AOR ACT SUBJ 3P SG
καὶ
kai
and
and
PART
ζήσομεν
zesomen
we will live
we will live
V FUT ACT IND 1P PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
and
CONJ.C
ποιήσομεν
poiesomen
we will do
we will do
V FUT ACT IND 1P PL
τοῦτο
touto
this
this
PRO.D ACC N SG
ἢ
e
or
or
CONJ
ἐκεῖνο
ekeino
that
to that one
PRO.D ACC N SG
now
now
but
now
you boast
you are boasting
in
in
your
to the
arrogance
to boastful arrogances
your
of you (plural)
all
every
boasting
boasting
such
such a one
evil
harmful evils
is
is
νῦν
nun
now
now
ADV
δὲ
de
but
now
CONJ
καυχᾶσθε
kauchasthe
you boast
you are boasting
V PRS MID IND 2P PL
ἐν
en
in
in
PREP DAT
ταῖς
tais
your
to the
ART DAT F PL
ἀλαζονίαις
alazoniais
arrogance
to boastful arrogances
N DAT F PL
ὑμῶν
umon
your
of you (plural)
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
πᾶσα
pasa
all
every
QUAN NOM F SG
καύχησις
kauchesis
boasting
boasting
N NOM F SG
τοιαύτη
toiaute
such
such a one
DET NOM F SG
πονηρά
ponera
evil
harmful evils
ADJ.P NOM F SG
ἐστιν
estin
is
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
to the one knowing
to the one who knows
therefore
therefore
good
beautiful
to do
to make or do
and
and
not
not (contingently)
doing
to the one doing
sin
moral failure
to him
to him
it is
is
εἰδότι
eidoti
to the one knowing
to the one who knows
V PRF ACT PTCP DAT M SG
οὖν
oun
therefore
therefore
CONJ
καλὸν
kalon
good
beautiful
ADJ.S ACC N SG
ποιεῖν
poiein
to do
to make or do
V PRS ACT INF
καὶ
kai
and
and
CONJ
μὴ
me
not
not (contingently)
ADV
ποιοῦντι
poiounti
doing
to the one doing
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M SG
ἁμαρτία
amartia
sin
moral failure
N NOM F SG
αὐτῷ
auto
to him
to him
PRO.P 3P DAT M SG
ἐστιν
estin
it is
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG