וְ/אֶשְׁתּוֹמֵ֖ם
𐤅/𐤀𐤔𐤕𐤅𐤌𐤌
shâmêm
and-I-was-appalled
To be or become desolate, deserted, or devastated; to experience devastation or horror, to be appalled or stunned, often as a result of witnessing or experiencing catastrophic ruin. The term can describe both literal destruction of places and figurative states of astonishment or horror from calamity. Usage typically reflects passive experience but can also denote actively bringing ruin upon something.
Isaiah 63:5 · Word #4
Lexicon H8074
| Lemma | שָׁמֵם |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤔𐤌𐤌 |
| Transliteration | shâmêm |
| Strong's | H8074 |
| Definition | To be or become desolate, deserted, or devastated; to experience devastation or horror, to be appalled or stunned, often as a result of witnessing or experiencing catastrophic ruin. The term can describe both literal destruction of places and figurative states of astonishment or horror from calamity. Usage typically reflects passive experience but can also denote actively bringing ruin upon something. |
Morphology HC/Vri1cs
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | r — Hithpolel — Variant intensive reflexive |
| Conjugation | i — Imperfect — Incomplete or ongoing action |
| Person | 1 — 1st person — First person ("I" / "we") |
| Gender | c — Common — Common (both genders) |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
Common Translation
| Phrase | and-I-was-appalled |
SIBI-P1 Translation H8074-35
and I would stand appalled
| Morphological Notes | Verb, Hithpolel (reflexive intensive), imperfect, 1st person common singular, prefixed conjunction וְ ("and"). |
| Rendering Rationale | The Hithpolel stem conveys a reflexive/intensive sense of entering into a state of desolation or stunned devastation. The imperfect 1st person singular is reflected in "I would," and the reflexive nuance is expressed by "stand appalled." |
View full lexicon entry for H8074 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
and I was appalled
| Same as P1 | No — adjusted for context |
| Rationale | Changed 'and I would stand appalled' to 'and I was appalled' to match the simple past context of the verse; this fits the narrative recounting. |