וַ/תְּקַ֥שׁ
𐤅/𐤕𐤒𐤔
qâshâh
and she had hard labour
To be hard or difficult in character or circumstance; to be severe, stubborn, or unyielding, whether of persons, actions, or situations. The verb קָשָׁה (qāshâ) can refer to physical hardness, harshness in dealing with others, stubbornness of attitude (especially in the phrase 'stiff-necked'), the severity of labor, the difficulty of experiences, or expressions of cruelty or hardship. The word expresses a range of tangible and abstract 'hardness.'
Genesis 35:16 · Word #12
Lexicon H7185
| Lemma | קָשָׁה |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤒𐤔𐤄 |
| Transliteration | qâshâh |
| Strong's | H7185 |
| Definition | To be hard or difficult in character or circumstance; to be severe, stubborn, or unyielding, whether of persons, actions, or situations. The verb קָשָׁה (qāshâ) can refer to physical hardness, harshness in dealing with others, stubbornness of attitude (especially in the phrase 'stiff-necked'), the severity of labor, the difficulty of experiences, or expressions of cruelty or hardship. The word expresses a range of tangible and abstract 'hardness.' |
Morphology HC/Vpw3fs
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | p — Piel — Intensive active |
| Conjugation | w — Sequential Imperfect — Imperfect with waw-consecutive, narrating past events |
| Person | 3 — 3rd person — Third person ("he/she/they") |
| Gender | f — Feminine — Feminine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
Common Translation
| Phrase | and she had hard labour |
SIBI-P1 Translation H7185-11
and she made hard
| Morphological Notes | Verb, Piel stem (intensive/causative), sequential imperfect (vav-consecutive), 3rd person feminine singular. |
| Rendering Rationale | The Piel stem conveys an intensive or causative action, so the verb expresses causing hardness or severity rather than merely being hard. The sequential imperfect 3rd feminine singular is reflected in "and she made," preserving both tense sequence and gender. |
View full lexicon entry for H7185 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
and she had difficulty
| Same as P1 | No — adjusted for context |
| Rationale | 'And she made hard' is awkward in English context; in this context, it refers to the process becoming difficult. 'And she had difficulty' matches the sense of hardship or severity in labor. |