וַ/יַּכְבֵּ֥ד
𐤅/𐤉𐤊𐤁𐤃
kâbad
and he hardened
To be heavy (in weight, importance, or severity); by extension, to be honored, esteemed, or greatly regarded; also, to be burdensome, hard, or severe. כָּבַד functions both in physical and metaphorical contexts, carrying nuances of weightiness, significance, wealth, honor, and sometimes oppression or hardening. In the causative stem (Hiphil), it often means to honor, make honorable, bestow significance upon, or to make heavy/burdensome.
Exodus 9:34 · Word #10
Lexicon H3513
| Lemma | כָּבַד |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤊𐤁𐤃 |
| Transliteration | kâbad |
| Strong's | H3513 |
| Definition | To be heavy (in weight, importance, or severity); by extension, to be honored, esteemed, or greatly regarded; also, to be burdensome, hard, or severe. כָּבַד functions both in physical and metaphorical contexts, carrying nuances of weightiness, significance, wealth, honor, and sometimes oppression or hardening. In the causative stem (Hiphil), it often means to honor, make honorable, bestow significance upon, or to make heavy/burdensome. |
Morphology HC/Vhw3ms
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | h — Hiphil — Causative active |
| Conjugation | w — Sequential Imperfect — Imperfect with waw-consecutive, narrating past events |
| Person | 3 — 3rd person — Third person ("he/she/they") |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
Common Translation
| Phrase | and he hardened |
SIBI-P1 Translation H3513-55
and he made heavy
| Morphological Notes | Verb; Hiphil (causative) stem; sequential imperfect (wayyiqtol); 3rd person masculine singular. |
| Rendering Rationale | The Hiphil stem gives a causative sense, meaning "to make heavy" or "to make weighty." The sequential imperfect 3ms form is rendered "and he made heavy," preserving both the causative action and the masculine singular subject. |
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