בְ/גַפּֽ/וֹ

𐤁/𐤂𐤐/𐤅

gaph

by himself

An anatomical term denoting the back, especially of a person, with extensions to refer to the body as a whole or to oneself (i.e., 'self'). In some metaphorical contexts, used in reference to heights or prominent places (likely by analogy to the 'back' or summit of terrain).

H1610

Exodus 21:4 · Word #17

Lexicon H1610

Lemmaגַּף
Lemma (Paleo)𐤂𐤐
Transliterationgaph
Strong'sH1610
DefinitionAn anatomical term denoting the back, especially of a person, with extensions to refer to the body as a whole or to oneself (i.e., 'self'). In some metaphorical contexts, used in reference to heights or prominent places (likely by analogy to the 'back' or summit of terrain).

Morphology HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms All morphology codes

Part of Speech N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea
Subtype c — Common — Common noun
Gender m — Masculine — Masculine
Number s — Singular — Singular
State c — Construct — The noun is bound to the following word

Common Translation

Phraseby himself

SIBI-P1 Translation H1610-03

on his back

Morphological NotesPreposition ב + masculine singular noun in construct + 3rd person masculine singular pronominal suffix.
Rendering RationaleThe noun גַּף denotes the arched back of a person; in construct with the 3ms suffix it becomes "his back," and the prefixed ב preposition is rendered here as "on," yielding "on his back." This preserves the anatomical sense derived from the root idea of an arched or curved surface.

View full lexicon entry for H1610 →

SILEX v2

SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)

by himself

Same as P1No — adjusted for context
Rationale'By himself' is the correct idiomatic sense here; P1 'on his back' would be misleading in this legal/social context.
P1 Flagwrong contextual sense