וְ/הָ/אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים
𐤅/𐤄/𐤀𐤇𐤔𐤃𐤓𐤐𐤍𐤉𐤌
ʼăchashdarpan
and the satraps
A Persian administrative official of high rank, often rendered as 'satrap' or 'provincial governor.' Refers specifically to one of the chief administrative officers governing a major province (satrapy) within the Achaemenid Persian Empire. In biblical texts, the term designates officials appointed by the imperial Persian authority, typically serving as military and civil governors over regions such as 'Media and Persia.' The nuance may vary between emphasizing executive administrative responsibility and territorial authority depending on context.
Esther 9:3 · Word #4
Lexicon H323
| Lemma | אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפַּן |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤀𐤇𐤔𐤃𐤓𐤐𐤍 |
| Transliteration | ʼăchashdarpan |
| Strong's | H323 |
| Definition | A Persian administrative official of high rank, often rendered as 'satrap' or 'provincial governor.' Refers specifically to one of the chief administrative officers governing a major province (satrapy) within the Achaemenid Persian Empire. In biblical texts, the term designates officials appointed by the imperial Persian authority, typically serving as military and civil governors over regions such as 'Media and Persia.' The nuance may vary between emphasizing executive administrative responsibility and territorial authority depending on context. |
Morphology HC/Td/Ncmpa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea |
| Subtype | c — Common — Common noun |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | p — Plural — Plural |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
Common Translation
| Phrase | and the satraps |
SIBI-P1 Translation H323-04
and the realm-protecting governors
| Morphological Notes | Conjunction וְ + definite article הָ + masculine plural absolute noun. |
| Rendering Rationale | The rendering reflects the Old Persian etymology meaning "protector of the realm" while conveying the established role of high-ranking provincial governors. The plural masculine form with conjunction and definite article is preserved as "and the ... governors." |
View full lexicon entry for H323 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
and the satraps
| Same as P1 | No — adjusted for context |
| Rationale | P1 'and the realm-protecting governors' is overly interpretive for 'אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִים'; 'and the satraps' is a standard, context-faithful rendering of this Persian title in English following lexicographical usage. |