וּ/מָרָֽה
𐤅/𐤌𐤓𐤄
mar
and-bitter
Bitter—having a harsh or acrid taste or smell; also, causing or characterized by emotional distress or pain. As a noun: bitterness, the quality or state of being bitter, both in taste and in emotional or experiential terms (grief, affliction, resentment). As an adverb: bitterly, describing an action done with intense emotional pain or harshness. The term is used for both literal (taste, water) and metaphorical (emotions, experiences) senses across biblical contexts.
Esther 4:1 · Word #20
Lexicon H4751
| Lemma | מַר |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤌𐤓 |
| Transliteration | mar |
| Strong's | H4751 |
| Definition | Bitter—having a harsh or acrid taste or smell; also, causing or characterized by emotional distress or pain. As a noun: bitterness, the quality or state of being bitter, both in taste and in emotional or experiential terms (grief, affliction, resentment). As an adverb: bitterly, describing an action done with intense emotional pain or harshness. The term is used for both literal (taste, water) and metaphorical (emotions, experiences) senses across biblical contexts. |
Morphology HC/Aafsa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | A — Adjective — Describes a noun |
| Subtype | a — Adjective — Adjective |
| Gender | f — Feminine — Feminine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
Common Translation
| Phrase | and-bitter |
SIBI-P1 Translation H4751-12
and bitter
| Morphological Notes | Adjective, feminine singular, absolute state, with prefixed conjunction וּ ("and"). |
| Rendering Rationale | The adjective מָרָה is the feminine singular form of the root מרר, expressing the quality of bitterness. The prefixed וּ adds the conjunction "and," so the rendering preserves both the root sense of bitterness and the grammatical form. |
View full lexicon entry for H4751 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
and bitter
| Same as P1 | Yes |
| Rationale | P1 is entirely apt for the conjunction and adjective in this context. |