κεκοίνωκεν
koinóō
has defiled
To make common, to render or treat as common (koinos), especially in contrast to what is holy, set apart, or considered ritually pure; to defile, profane, or pollute in a cultic or ritual sense; to regard or treat as impure or unclean in a ceremonial context. The term can describe actively making something ritually impure, or subjectively considering or declaring it so, with a focus on ritual distinction or violation of purity boundaries.
Acts 21:28 · Word #32
Lexicon G2840
| Lemma | κοινόω |
| Transliteration | koinóō |
| Strong's | G2840 |
| Definition | To make common, to render or treat as common (koinos), especially in contrast to what is holy, set apart, or considered ritually pure; to defile, profane, or pollute in a cultic or ritual sense; to regard or treat as impure or unclean in a ceremonial context. The term can describe actively making something ritually impure, or subjectively considering or declaring it so, with a focus on ritual distinction or violation of purity boundaries. |
Morphology V PRF ACT IND 3P SG
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state of being |
| Tense | PRF — Perfect — Completed action with ongoing results |
| Voice | ACT — Active — The subject performs the action |
| Mood | IND — Indicative — States a fact or reality |
| Person | 3P — 3rd person — The one spoken about ("he/she/it/they") |
| Number | SG — Singular — One |
Common Translation
| Phrase | has defiled |
| Literal | has-defiled-polluted |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | κοινόω |
| Strong's | G2840 |
SIBI-P1 Translation G2840-01
has rendered common
| Morphological Notes | Verb; perfect tense, active voice, indicative mood, 3rd person singular — completed action with continuing state. |
| Rendering Rationale | The perfect active indicative, third person singular, denotes a completed action with ongoing result: he/she/it has made something common. "Has rendered common" preserves the causative force of κοινόω and reflects the perfect tense’s present-result nuance. |
View full lexicon entry for G2840 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
has defiled
| Same as P1 | No — adjusted for context |
| Rationale | 'Has rendered common' is literal but 'has defiled' is the direct contextual meaning—ritual defilement. This matches the accusation being described. |