שָׁ֑מֶשׁ
𐤔𐤌𐤔
shemesh
the sun
The celestial body 'sun,' the fixed star at the center of the earth's daytime sky, responsible for light, warmth, and the marking of times and seasons. Also used metonymically or idiomatically to denote 'sunlight,' 'daytime,' or the direction 'east,' as well as in architectural contexts for features exposed to the sun. In some instances, it can function as a poetic parallel for brightness or splendor.
2 Samuel 23:4 · Word #4
Lexicon H8121
| Lemma | שֶׁמֶשׁ |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤔𐤌𐤔 |
| Transliteration | shemesh |
| Strong's | H8121 |
| Definition | The celestial body 'sun,' the fixed star at the center of the earth's daytime sky, responsible for light, warmth, and the marking of times and seasons. Also used metonymically or idiomatically to denote 'sunlight,' 'daytime,' or the direction 'east,' as well as in architectural contexts for features exposed to the sun. In some instances, it can function as a poetic parallel for brightness or splendor. |
Morphology HNcbsa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea |
| Subtype | c — Common — Common noun |
| Gender | b — Both — Both (masculine and feminine) |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
Common Translation
| Phrase | the sun |
SIBI-P1 Translation H8121-07
sun
| Morphological Notes | Noun, common, singular, absolute; gender grammatically both (often treated as masculine). |
| Rendering Rationale | This is a common singular absolute noun from שמש referring to the celestial body itself. The rendering "sun" preserves the primary lexical meaning without importing contextual metonymies such as "east" or "daylight." |
View full lexicon entry for H8121 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
sun
| Same as P1 | Yes |
| Rationale | P1 'sun' is correct, literal, and appropriate for שָׁמֶשׁ in context. No change needed. |