מְהוּמָה֙
𐤌𐤄𐤅𐤌𐤄
mᵉhûwmâh
panic
A state of confusion, tumult, or panic, especially as experienced in the midst of a disturbance, battle, or disaster. The term indicates both the emotional and social chaos that arises during tumultuous events, including panic, terror, uproar, or alarm affecting individuals or communities.
1 Samuel 5:9 · Word #9
Lexicon H4103
| Lemma | מְהוּמָה |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤌𐤄𐤅𐤌𐤄 |
| Transliteration | mᵉhûwmâh |
| Strong's | H4103 |
| Definition | A state of confusion, tumult, or panic, especially as experienced in the midst of a disturbance, battle, or disaster. The term indicates both the emotional and social chaos that arises during tumultuous events, including panic, terror, uproar, or alarm affecting individuals or communities. |
Morphology HNcfsa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea |
| Subtype | c — Common — Common noun |
| Gender | f — Feminine — Feminine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
Common Translation
| Phrase | panic |
SIBI-P1 Translation H4103-02
tumultuous commotion
| Morphological Notes | Feminine singular common noun, absolute state; pattern noun of condition derived from the root הום. |
| Rendering Rationale | The noun מְהוּמָה is a feminine singular state noun derived from הום, expressing the condition or quality of agitation and noisy disturbance. "Tumultuous commotion" preserves the root sense of stirred, noisy agitation while conveying the social and emotional chaos inherent in the term. |
View full lexicon entry for H4103 →
SILEX v2
SIBI-P2 (Context-Aware)
tumultuous commotion
| Same as P1 | Yes |
| Rationale | P1 accurately expresses mehumah as 'tumultuous commotion,' consistent with the panic and chaos described by the word. No change necessary. |